422 THE da.iryman's manual. 



and feeding it in a fresh state. This will be a great help 

 in such a dairy, and as an improvement upon the usual 

 roadside weeds and general waste of the land, will com- 

 mend itself to the good sense and thrift of all civilized 

 and orderly people as well as to the sense of right and 

 justice. 



In feeding cows upon lawns and small plots the teth- 

 ering system will be found very convenient. We have 

 used the twa kinds of tethering pins shown in figures 

 100 and 101; one has the advantage of being forced into 

 the ground — when it is soft — without a mallet, but when 

 the ground is dry and hard it is difficult to make it 

 penetrate ; the other needs a mallet to drive it down, but 

 as the mallet may be left near the pin, there will be no 

 inconyenience in this respect. This pin has a swivel 

 head which prevents twisting and entangling of the chain. 

 A swivel should always be put into tethering chains to 

 prevent twisting. These chains should always be made 

 of steel for strength and lightness ; for if a cow in her 

 playful moods once breaks her chain, she will always 

 try the same trick by running at full speed the length 

 of her tether in the effort to snap it again, and will 

 generally succeed through one weak link. This is a 

 troublesome habit and should be prevented, for with this 

 method of feeding cows one may do a great deal of dam- 

 age in her pla3'f ulness if she gets loose in a garden or on 

 the lawn among ornamental trees and flower borders. 



The milk for a family dairy will be usually kept in 

 the cellar as the most convenient place. If so, a part of 

 the cellar should be divided off tightly to exclude dust, 

 and the remainder should be kept free from all disagree- 

 able odors. The whole cellar should be whitewashed with 

 hot lime to destroy mold, and every decayed part of the 

 floor should be removed. No celiar should have a wooden 

 floor, the earth is better; but the best is a floor of cement, 

 or flagstone laid in cement, both of which are indestruc- 



