424 



When the clmrning is about to be done, the cream 

 should be brought to a temperature of sixty degrees in 

 the summer, by setting the jar in ice water not cooler 

 than forty-five degrees. If the thermometer shows that 

 the temperature is seventy degrees in the place where the 

 churning is to be done, the cream may be cooled to fifty- 

 five or fifty-six degrees, as it will become warmed up a 

 few degrees during the churning. In the winter the 

 cream may be raised to sixty-five or even seventy de- 

 grees, if the churning -room is as cool as fifty degrees. 

 The temperature of the place where the churning is done 

 should always be taken into account, so that the effect of 

 it upon the cream may be equalized. 



In warming the cream by means of hot water care 

 must be taken not to overheat any part of the cream. 

 The cream is a thick adhesive fluid through which heat 

 circulates very slowly, and if the heat of the water is 100 

 or 120 degrees the sour milk and any albumen that may 

 be contained in it will be partly coagulated and will form 

 curds in the churn which cannot be separated from the 

 butter, thus giving much trouble, disappointment and 

 worry to the butter maker. The same evil will happen 

 if the cream jar is set near a hot stove, unless the cream 

 is constantly stirred. To avoid the necessity for warm- 

 ing the cream, it is advisable in the winter to skim the 

 cream as close as possible, taking no more milk with it 

 than can be avoided, and when the cream is prepared for 

 the churn to bring it to the right temperature by stirring 

 in, very gradually, water not warmer than ninety degrees, 

 by which the cream will be thinned and warmed at the 

 same time. In the summer the churn should be cooled 

 by meaus of ice water before the cream is turned in, and 

 in winter it should be warmed by a dash of hot water 

 and a few turus to distribute the heat evenly. 



When butter which is put away for winter use is 

 closely pressed down in the package it should be covered 



