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cow can draw tight the sphincter muscle which closes 

 the outlet of the main lactiferous reservoir at the base of 

 the teat. She can contract the muscular bands which 

 support, the whole udder, and so compress the whole ar- 

 rangement of the ducts as to prevent the flow of milk. 

 Or when, by reason of weakness of the sphincter muscle 

 or by the will of the cow, it is loosened, the passage is 

 opened for the escape of the milk, and it leaks away 

 and is lost. Sometimes, on the other hand, when the fine 

 membrane lining the teat is injured, and tumors or 

 lumps are produced and the duct is obstructed, the 

 cause may be easily understood. Oi^ when the skin at 

 the outer orifice of the teat scales off, as it is apt to do, 

 and the milk spatters and spreads instead of flowing 

 with an even stream, we may recognize the cause of the 

 trouble from knowing the precise method in which the 

 teat is constructed. 



TRfiATMEiST OF MAMMITIS OR GARGET. 



An attack of garget requires instant treatment; neglect 

 may cause serious results, while immediate care may soon 

 overcome the trouble. The treatment varies somewhat 

 according to the peculiar character of the attack ; and 

 this differs greatly as the causes differ. The causes of 

 garget, in which may be included all the forms of the 

 disease, are constitutional tendency to inflammatory 

 disease ; overfeeding with stimulating food, such as 

 cotton-seed meal, which readily provokes it ; inflamma- 

 tion resulting from cold, as exposure to cold rains soon 

 after calving or by l3ang upon damp cold ground ; exces- 

 sive muscular strain, as by chasing around when the 

 udder is filled ; retention of milk, either purposely done 

 by the owner, or by the cow withholding the milk ; and 

 lastly, by a sort of reflex action upon the milk glands 

 produced by a generally diseased condition of the cow 



