466 



of the disease, but under all circumstances there is con- 

 siderable fever, with loss of activity, harsh skin, nauseous 

 breath, stiffness and weakness of the limbs, dry cough, 

 thin blue milk, swellings of the glands of the throat or 

 of the joints, constant desire for the company of the bull, 

 and unusual feverish brightness of the eyes, which are 

 sunk in the orbits. If the bowels are affected there is a 

 profuse and obstinate diarrhea. As the disease progresses 

 the symptoms become more intense and in time the 

 animal perishes from impaired respiration or the fetid 

 and profuse diarrhea. At times the bones are affected, 

 and these gradually crumble and slough away. 



Recovery is very rare, and when it occurs the animal is 

 left in impaired health and too much weakened to be of 

 any value in the dairy, more esj^ecially as the taint in the 

 blood is surely transmitted to the progeny. Prevention 

 includes the removal of infection, healthful breeding — 

 avoiding the physical deterioration caused by too close 

 inbreeding — and the use of only robust and vigorous par- 

 ents, wholesome feeding, avoiding undue stimulus of the 

 milking capacity, and the maintenance of vigorous con- 

 dition by all the best hygienic methods. Drainage of 

 fields and pure water are greatly helpful in this direction. 



VERMIjq^OUS BRONCHITIS IN CALVES. 



Cattle are infested by a slender thread worm which in- 

 habits the bowels, lungs and bronchial tubes. Mature 

 animals are not seriously affected by these parasites, but 

 calves are often attacked by them and suffer gi-eatly, fre- 

 quently dying of the interference with the respiration. 

 These worms are commonly known as Strongylus jilaria, 

 and they are the same kind as those which produce 

 'Opining," "paper skin," or anoemia in young lambs, and 

 " gapes" in young chickens, and infest many species of 

 small animals, as rabbits, pheasants, etc. Consequently 



