DISEASES OF COWS. 467 



tlie eggs are widely distributed in meadows and pastures. 

 They gain access to the lungs and air passages of the 

 calves from the stomach, to which they are carried in the 

 egg form, with grass or hay from fields which have been 

 pastured by older cattle. The young worms crawl up 

 the gullet to the throat and pass downwards to the bron- 

 chial tubes, where they live upon the mucus secreted by 

 the irritated membranes. When they become numerous 

 they produce such irritation as to cause a constant hack- 

 ing husky cough, whence the disease has taken the com- 

 mon name of " husk." In time they gather into masses 

 and obstruct the passages so much as to cause suffoca- 

 tion, and the calf falls into convulsions and dies. Pre- 

 vention is obviously difficult, but cure is easy. This 

 consists in saturating the system with the fumes of tur- 

 pentine, by giving long continued doses of half an ounce 

 every morning one hour before feeding. This may be 

 given in a teacupful of milk or some sweetened oatmeal 

 gruel, and should be continued for ten days and then re- 

 peated after an interval of three or four days. 



DEPRAVED APPETITE. 



At times cows and other cattle are found eating 

 rotten wood, old bones, manure, and other coarse rub- 

 bish. This unnatural appetite is due to some irritation 

 of the stomach which deranges the digestion and causes 

 a morbid craving for these substances. There are various 

 causes for this irritation. The condition of pregnancy, 

 disease of the liver, tuberculosis, and the presence of 

 foreign matters in the stomach ; as balls of hair and 

 other concretions of indigestible matter, stones, nails, 

 and pieces of wire, will produce this result. The dis- 

 order should be treated as ordinary indigestion, by giving 

 pint doses of raw linseed oil and dilute nitro-muriatic 

 acid as a solvent of the concretions and a tonic. Two 

 drams of the acid is given in one pint of water daily just 



