30 ORIGIN OF BREEDS 



tempts at improvement continually add fresh elements to the 

 stock, but still the common cow of the middle west is largely of 

 the Durham or Shorthorn characteristics, while those of New 

 York State partake more of the Holstein nature and the Xew 

 England States more largely of the Jersey. The pure breeds 

 chosen by any sections are afterwards influenced by the type 

 of the common stock and that in turn by the kind of farming 

 carried on during any period of time in any section. Thus we 

 find a considerable increase of dairy-bred animals in the north 

 central states during the past twenty years with a rapid intro- 

 duction of dairy sires at the present time. 



QUESTIONS 



1. Name the two grand divisions of the Bos family. What characterizes 



them? 



2. Into what two classes did the cattle of Europe develop? 



3. How were breeds of cattle naturally formed? 



4. What is the value of having breeds? 



5. What items should be included in the breed characteristics? 



6. What is a cross ? 



7. What is a grade? 



8. From what blood elements have the common cattle of your region 



descended? 



