42 ELEMENTS OF DAIRY TYPE 



25. Hear udder should be full and attached high and broadly, whole well held 



up, not pendulous. 



26. Teats, four to five inches long. Well spaced, cylindrical in form. 



27. Legs below hock and knee refined, not heavy nor coarse. 



28. Pasterns, strong, upright. 



Type Essential to Economy. — There are numerous instances 

 of cows producing large yields of milk and milk fat, which cows 

 carried more flesh than is usually accepted as most desirable 

 in dairy cows, but it has not been shown that these large-produc- 

 ing cows necessarily yielded milk as economically for the feed 

 consumed as those of large capacity, carrying less flesh. While 

 it is true that type is primarily more essential than breed, it is 

 equally true that within certain breeds the desired type is far 

 more likely to be found than in others. Thus any fanner 

 desiring cows which will give milk economically will do wisely 

 to go to one of the recognized standard dairy breeds for his 

 stock, and it is only by maintaining pure breeds and by working 

 within the breed to develop the strongest dairy type that we 

 shall secure in time the most efficient dairy animals. 



QUESTIONS 



1. What is meant by dairy type? 



2. What is meant by capacity? 



3. Does a cow develop capacity by eating or does she eat because she 



has capacity? 



4. Illustrate how it is essential that a cow have capacity if she is to be 



rated as a good dairy cow. 



5. What is meant by dairy temperament? 



6. What are the indications of dairy temperament? 



7. What is constitution? 



8. What effect has fatness on the work to be done by the heart. 



9. What conditions of the mammary organs indicate high dairy quality? 



10. Why is the feminine "look" of a cow a point to be noted? 



11. Explain the "triple wedge." 



12 1 . Which was recognized first, breed or type, as being the more essential in 

 economy of production? 



13. Does excessively large production mean economical production? 



14. Where should one look for the type of animal desired? 



15. What is the escutcheon, and of what importance is it? 



