272 



CLEAN MILK PRODUCTION AND HANDLING 



spoonfuls to each pint of milk. The greatest aid of all toward 

 a flyless farm is the removal of manure daily to the field. This 

 is impracticable under many circumstances, but the knowledge of 

 the facts should lead to efforts in that direction. 



Pure water is highly desirable. This is particularly so if 

 the cows are permitted to wade into the water to drink. It is 

 quite as much the contamination of the udder and teats of the 

 cow as the drinking of bad water which causes inferiority in 

 the milk produced. Clean water for the cow is necessary to 

 the production of the best flavored milk. 



Fio. 89. — Inexpensive yet clean cow house. Note liberal use of whitewash. Owned by 

 F. Gruenhagen, Brainerd, Minn. (Photographed by author.) 



Quick thorough cooling is the second most important sin- 

 gle item in the production of milk which shall stay sweet 

 (Fig. 90). Keeping the dirt out is of first importance. Vari- 

 ous sorts of coolers have been devised, many having merit. 

 Where abundance of flowing cold water is obtainable a cooler of 

 the form shown in figure 113 is desired, but where flowing 

 water is not at hand one of the type shown in figure 114, which 

 when filled with water will admit also a chunk of ice, is desir- 

 able. Either of these forms will do good work when the water 

 is sufficiently cold and the milk is not forced over too rapidly. 

 It is naturally important that there be no blowing of dust 



