escaped the fiery streams by its elevation. It is now used as a fattening paddock 

 for cattle, and it is indeed high time that something is done, or else these won- 

 derful trees, many of them new and unique, will be a thing of the past, in even 

 the nearest future. No undergrowth exists, with the exception of a few ferns, 

 mainly Aspidium and Asplenium, the most common being Polysticlmm falca- 

 tum var. 



One of the most interesting trees is a Malvaceae nearest to Hibiscus. Only 

 one tree is in existence, and was described by the writer as a new genus under 

 the name " Hibiscadelphus. " Two other species have since been discovered by 

 the writer belonging to the same new genus, which will be mentioned in their 

 respective places. Among the biggest trees is a new variety of Xanthoxylum, 

 with a straight trunk of over a foot in diameter. (See plate 83.) Several species 

 of Pelea, besides other Xanthoxyla, Sapindus saponaria, and Suttonia, etc., 

 make up this beautiful park. 



Beyond this oasis is another aa lava flow of more recent age, as it is still 

 covered with a sort of scrub vegetation. Dodonaea, Rumex giganteus, Coprosma 

 ernodeoides the Kukainene of the natives, Cyperus mauiensis, Carex, Koehleria 

 glomerata, Styphelia, and a few others form the main vegetation, while a little 

 lower is a triangular spot which was saved from the lava flows and supports a 

 number of trees of Pittosporum Hosmeri var.,* the only Pittosporum representa- 

 tive in the whole district. It is most remarkable that not a single species of 

 Pittosporum or Sideroxylon can be found in the Kipuka Puaulu, which has most 

 of their associates represented, while these two genera are conspicuous by their 

 absence. With these Pittosporum are Pelea volcanica, Pelea sp ? and Cheiro- 

 dendron Gaudicliaudii. This strip of lava beyond the little oasis is about half a 

 mile wide. On its other side is an aa flow of much greater age. Oliia leliua has 

 covered it densely, together with other species, the former, however, being the 

 dominant tree. 



Adjoining this flow is another kipuka called Ki, similar to Puaulu, though 

 much younger, as the vegetation is not half as rich in species as that of the 

 latter. Sapindus saponaria is the predominant species, forming 50 per cent of 

 the tree growth, while Acacia Koa, Sophora clirysophylla, Straussia, Pelea vol- 

 canica; and others make up the rest of the forest. Sapindus saponaria is the 

 largest tree present, reaching a height of about 80 feet, with trunks of 2 to 3 

 feet in diameter. There is no undergrowth now with the exception of a few 

 Aspidium and Polystichum ferns. Lichen growth is extremely rich in species, 

 especially on the bark of Sapindus saponaria. This last kipuka is at an eleva- 

 tion of about 4600 to 5000 feet. Above it is still another aa flow occupied by 

 Acacia Koa, while below it is a forest of Sophora clirysopliylla, which at this, 

 elevation, 4000 to 5000 feet, reaches its best development. 



Another aa flow joins this kipuka on the southwest side, supporting a vege- 

 tation similar to the one adjoining it on the other, but is still younger. This, 

 flow is perhaps two miles wide, and must have come from the west flank of 



Pittosporum Hosmeri var. longifolia Rock v. n. 



31 



