time the very interesting haloragaceous Gunner a petaloidea (Ape ape), with its 

 huge, thick, rugose, reniform leaves of sometimes five feet in diameter. Both 

 banks of the streams are lined with these handsome plants, under whose leaves 

 the traveler finds as perfect a protection from rain as under an umbrella. The 

 stems of the plants are 4 to 5 feet tall, and can be cut with one stroke of the 

 knife, though almost six inches in diameter. Associated with it is the newly- 

 described araliaceous T etraplasandra Waialealae, which ascends, however, up 

 to the summit of Waialeale, where it is most common. 



One would expect that in such a locality the tribe Lobelioideae would have 

 many forms, which, however, is not the case. Only one species is found, which 

 occurs also in the Elaeocarpus belt, and is new to science. The two species 

 of Lobelia, L. Kauaiensis and L. macrostackys var. Kauaiensis var. nov., are 

 found in great numbers, especially the former, which forms often pure stands 

 of several hundreds of plants in open spots. 



In the neighborhood of Kauluwehi swamp, Suttonia Kauaiensis and its 

 tomentose variety form more or less tall shrubs. Cyperaceae are plentiful in the 

 open swamps and forest as well, and will be mentioned under ' ' bog formations. ' ' 



A very peculiar cyperaceous plant was found on a dry ridge leading to 

 Waiakealoha. It was unfortunately neither in flower nor fruit, but was sent to 

 Dr. Kiikenthal, the authority on this family. 



The common species of Gahnia and Cladium can be found at Kaholuamano 

 as well as in the neighboring districts. 



THE MIDDLE FOREST REGION OF OAHU AND MOLOKAI. 



The Islands of Oahu and Molokai have many species of plants in common. 

 As we have seen, Elaeocarpus bifidus (Kalia) is almost the predominant tree of 

 the first belt of the middle forest zone on Kauai; on Oahu the tree belongs to 

 the lower forest zone and is only sparingly found above 2400 feet. On Molokai 

 the tree is entirely absent, as well as on the rest of the islands of the group. The 

 reason for this is probably to be found in the awkward size of the seed, which 

 is about as large as a small pigeon's egg, and dispersed by nature's agents only 

 with great difficulty or now not at all. 



Of Lobelioideae, the genus Clermontia, only represented by one species on 

 Kauai, achieved a wonderful development on Molokai and Oahu. The most 

 common species is Cl. macrocarpa, found also in the lower forest zone at 1200 

 feet elevation. Since the dying out of the once beautiful forest on the northern 

 slope of Haleakala, especially between Kailua and Honomanu, this shrub has 

 taken possession of the land and seems to thrive where Ohia lehua trees could not 

 exist. On Oahu we find the sharp ridges of the main range covered with dense 

 vegetation (see Plate XX), especially so in the valleys of Punaluu and Ka- 

 hana, until we reach the drier districts of Kahuku. Compositae are scarce on 

 Oahu, and the genus Raillardia is practically absent. On Konahuanui several 



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