prosma, Metrosideros polymorpha (Ohia lekua), and Acacia Koa, which has 

 ascended from the upper edge of the lower forest zone. It is, however, still a 

 common tree in this zone, and rivals with Olapa and Okia lekua in predomi- 

 nance. Straussia oncocarpa and Straussia leptocarpa, of the family Rubiaceae, 

 belong to the 3500 foot level. 



On the open grassland between 3000 feet to almost 5000 feet, but especially 

 a little over 3000 feet, is a belt of an endemic Labiate, Sphacele liastata, peculiar 

 to Haleakala. It is really marvelous that this plant is still to be found in large 

 numbers, as it is in the midst of a cattle ranch. On investigating, we find it 

 owes its survival to its peculiar mint odor, apparently offensive to the taste of 

 the cattle. All other vegetation has disappeared, though, as mentioned before, 

 traces can still be found in inaccessible gulches. 



The semi-dry forest above Makawao gradually merges into the middle forest 

 zone. Southeast of Olinda only grasslands prevail, though here and there many 

 species of Eucalypti have been planted into symmetrical squares. 



The forest beginning at Olinda and extending all along the windward side 

 of Haleakala is, however, the object of our investigation. Besides the trees al- 

 ready mentioned, we find other araliaceous genera, such as Tetraplasandra mei- 

 andra var. and the tall Pterotropia dipyrena (Oheohe), most common on Puu- 

 kakai, an extinct crater between Ukulele and Olinda. Pittosporum insigne var. 

 (3, Nothocestrum longifolium, Gouldia axillaris, Perrottetia sandwicensis, and 

 Raillardia Menziesii, an arborescent composite which reaches its best develop- 

 ment at the lower edge of the upper forest zone, are the more common trees. 



Of Lobelioideae, Clermontia arborescens is the most common, while Cl. tuber- 

 culata is the rarest. Of shrubs, we find Platydesma campanulatum var. ? with a 

 small Gouldia, and one or two species of Kadua, numerous Cyrtandra, a species 

 of Scaevola, a few species of the rutaceous genus Pelea, and also the leguminous 

 Sophora clirysopliylla, which inhabits here the wet forest with Suttonia Lesser- 

 tiana. Dubautia plant aginea is occasionally met with, as well as an introduced 

 Cassia. 



Of herbaceous plants, we find Ranunculus Mauiensis quite common in com- 

 pany with numerous species of Labordea. Surprising is the dense undergrowth 

 of Rubus hawaiiensis on the outskirts of the middle forest zone. As we pene- 

 trate into the interior the forest becomes dense, moss covers the ground and 

 trees (see Plate XXII), and many epiphytes, such as Astelia veratroides, with 

 numerous species of ferns, especially of the genus Polypodium, abound. Pepe-- 

 romiae form a dominant feature of the herbaceous growth; and it is here also 

 that we find two species of our Orchids, poor, measly representatives of a family 

 which reaches such wonderful development and floral beauty in other tropical 

 countries. Labiatae are at home in this floral zone and display a beautiful va- 

 riety of forms, many of which possess beautiful flowers worthy of cultivation. 

 The genus Phyllostegia displays not less than nine species, of which P. grandi- 

 flora, P. glabra, and P. racemosa are the most common and beautiful. They are 



69 



