Pterotropia dipyrena. The undershrub is again mainly Rub us hawaiiensis. 

 The species of Cyanea found by Hillebrand are gone forever; and where they 

 once reared their proud palm-like crowns toward the sky there is now only grass- 

 land, with herds of cattle and ugly Eucalypti. The writer was fortunate enough 

 to find a specimen of the long-sought-for, gorgeous Cyanea arborea in that locality 

 in a small gdlch inaccessible to cattle. It was the last of its race. He scoured 

 the country for miles searching for the handsome Cyanea comata, but his 

 searches were in vain: it had vanished forever. 



THE MOUNTAINS OF KOHALA, HAWAII. 



Above 3000 feet in the mountains of Kohala we find the vegetation similar to 

 that of East and West Maui. Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron Gaudi- 

 cliaudii, and a host of species of Pelea are the most common trees. Like West 

 Maui, the Kohala mountains are intersected by many deep gorges, of which the 

 biggest are Waipio and Waimanu valleys, which are followed toward the west 

 by Honokanenui, Honokaneiki and Pololu valleys ; beyond them the country 

 becomes flatter and only little gulches descend to the sea. (See Plate XXIII.) 

 All the sugar plantations of this part of the Island of Hawaii are situated here. 

 As we advance farther west the land becomes very dry and is bare of vegetation. 



Back of Waimea village, which is situated at an elevation of 2700 feet, the 

 mountains are intersected by only a few small gulches. The summit is called 

 Kaala, and has an elevation of 5500 feet. The most prominent gulch on this 

 side is Holokaiea. The valley of Waipio is very large and is divided into many 

 other gorges of great interest. Hiilawe and Waima are minor valleys, while 

 Alakahi and Kawainui, the latter a continuation of the former, reaches almost 

 to the center of the mountain. The walls of these valleys are vertical and nearly 

 3000 feet in height, with hundreds of waterfalls. Clouds hover nearly con- 

 stantly over the ridges, and the traveler is lucky if he gets a glimpse of the 

 depths below him. It is on these flats on each side of the valleys that the botan- 

 ist finds a most interesting collecting ground. 



It is only recently that this part of the land was made accessible through 

 the so-called upper Hamakua ditch trail, which leads to the headwaters of Ka- 

 wainui gorge, opening to the botanist a most interesting field. Not less interest- 

 ing is the land back of Awini in Kohala proper. On these flat forest lands the 

 trees do not grow to any size, but are more or less stunted and covered with 

 numerous mosses and hepatics, and are also festooned with Astelia veratroides, 

 Vaccinium, and many ferns. Of great interest is the rutaceous genus Pelea, 

 which has many forms here. One species new to science has extremely large 

 capsules, and when bruised emits an even stronger odor than Pelea anisata of 

 Kauai. Xanthoxylum is represented only by one species, which is new, and shall 

 be known as Xanthoxylum Bluettianum sp. n., in honor of Mr. P. W. P. Bluett of 

 Kohala, through whose courtesies the writer was enabled to explore this won- 



71 



