the bog region, but have been found by the writer on the steep walls in Kaupo 

 gap in the crater of Haleakala. 



In the Kohala Mountains there are several bogs besides the main one at the 

 summit, the names of which are not known to the writer. 



THE BOGS OF KAUAI. 



In the bogs situated on the central plateau we find the vegetation the same, 

 while the great bog of Waialeale has its peculiar species besides most of those 

 found in lower situated bogs. 



The turfy soil is covered with tussocks of Gramineae and Cyperaceae, mainly 

 Panicum monticola, Panicum imbricatum and P. isachnoides, together with the 

 cyperaceous Oreobulus furcatus. 



On these tussocks of grasses and Cyperaceae we find the European Drosera 

 longifolia (Mikinalo), the so-called insect-eating plant, embedded. It has been 

 said that D. longifolia is hardly ever found without its associate D. rotundi folia, 

 but here on Kauai it is the only representative of the family Droseraceae. Dro- 

 sera longifolia is more common in the lower swamps than on the summit, where 

 only few specimens of it have been found. Between these tussocks grow small 

 bushes of Ohia lehua, or really called Lehua makanoe, from which one locality 

 derives its name. The plant has been named by Heller Metrosideros pumila. In 

 its shade grows the handsome blue-flowered violet, Viola Kauaiensis. Habenaria 

 holochila was found by the writer in Alakai swamp in the turf, growing erect 

 about three feet in height. It is the third species of our poor orchids. 



The swamps are bordered by many tall-growing Cyperaceae, as Carex sand- 

 wicensis, which forms stands 4 to 5 feet high, together with Cladium sp., probably 

 new, a tall plant with long, scaly, creeping rhizomes, with stems often 10 feet 

 high. In the swamp proper we find Carex montis Eeka, Rhynchospora 

 glauca var. chinensis, Deschampsia australis, Selaginella deflexa, Schizaea ro- 

 busta, Styphelia imbricata var. struthioloides, a creeper, a species of Wikstroe- 

 mia, Suttonia sandwicensis ft var. denticulata, Vaccinium penduliflorum, etc. 



The summit of Kauai, Mt. Waialeale, was visited first by Wawra, the botanist 

 of the Austrian exploring expedition, in the year 1871 ; and it is peculiar that 

 no other botanist or botanical collector had cared to visit the mountain again. 



The writer ascended Waialeale in the year 1910 and again in 1911. The 

 second time the ascent was very much facilitated through the trails which had 

 been cut by the men of the U. S. Geological Survey. The vegetation of Waia- 

 leale is extremely interesting, and several new species were found and described 

 by the writer. The ridges leading to the summit have an entirely different plant 

 formation, composed of peculiar species. One of the striking plants is Pelea 

 Waialealae (Anonia or Alaniwai), which grows together with Suttonia lanceo- 

 lata, a very distinct species, both being shrubs but occasionally becoming small 

 trees. Of Compositae we find Dubautia laxa var. pedicellata Rock v. n., which 

 is here a shrub 10 to 15 feet high, in company with the rutaceous Pelea orbicu- 

 laris var. ? and Pelea sp. ? and Dubautia paleata. A few small species of La- 



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