Argyroxiphium with its two species, sandwicense and virescens, has hitherto 

 been found only in the drier upper forest region in black volcanic ash at an 

 altitude of from 8000 to 10,000 feet. At the summit of Puu Kukui is a small 

 species of this genus growing in a veritable pool, but only in one locality. The 

 plant was not in flower at the time of the writer's visit, but it can be said that 

 when the plant is fully known it will undoubtedly represent a new variety or 

 intermediate form between A. sandwicense and A. virescens. The leaves of the 

 plants in question are neither silvery nor green, but are covered with a bluish, 

 somewhat silvery or glauceous pubescence. 



Lagenophora mauiensis is very common in the turfy soil in company w r ith the 

 creeping Geranium humile with pink flowers. Acaena exigua, which is very 

 scarce on Waialeale, is here exceedingly common, together with Viola mauiensis. 

 Remarkable to say, Drosera longifolia, so common on Kauai, is here absent. A 

 small creeping Metrosideros is also present with Lycopodium venustulum var. 

 and Styphelia imbricata var. struthioloides. 



The writer met with a single plant of Lycopodium Haleakalae resembling 

 very much L. erubescens, but stouter and not reddish. Several species of lich- 

 ens grow on the exposed gray loam, such as Cladonia, Stereocaulon and others 



At the extreme eastern end of the bog on the brink of lao Valley the tree 

 grow,th is mainly Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii, Suttonia sp. ?, Pelea sp., Metro- 

 sideros polymorpha, and the lobelioideous Clermontia grandiflora. All the trees 

 are covered thickly with moss and hepaticae or Liverworts. The sw r amp of 

 Mauna Eeke harbors the same vegetation as that of Puu Kukui with possibly one 

 or two exceptions. 



THE UPPER FOREST REGION. 



The upper forest region extends from about 5500 feet elevation up to 11,500. 

 Of tree growth we can practically say that four species form the main trees. 

 The most predominant of these is the leguminous Sophora chrysophylla (Ma- 

 mani), and, secondly, Myoporum sandwicense (Naio), and on the lower edge of 

 the upper forest zone, or as on Mt. Haleakala at 7000 feet elevation, Acacia Koa 

 (Koa), with Metrosideros polymorpha (Ohia lehua). These four species form 

 the main tree-growth, while here and there we find the rubiaceous Coprosma 

 montana at 9000 feet elevation and with it the arborescent Compositae Raillardia 

 arborea up to 10,000 feet, while R. struthioloides can be found up to an elevation 

 of 11,500 feet; the two latter, however, only on Mauna Kea (13,823 feet), Ha- 

 waii. Raillardia Menziesii is found at an elevation of 6000 to 8000 feet, and 

 on Mt. Haleakala is the largest species in the genus Raillardia, but is a shrub 

 at the higher levels up to the summit. 



On Mauna Loa tree-growth ceases at a little above 8000 feet; the tree com- 

 positae found on Mauna Kea and Haleakala are, however, absent on Mauna Loa. 

 Santalum Haleakalae, a species of Iliahi or Sandal wood, is peculiar to Haleakala, 

 Maui, and can be found at from 7000 to 8500 feet elevation. This same species 



79 



