tain slope, with another species which has lately been described as V actinium 

 Fauriei, a very distinct plant, with large, glaucous berries and small leaves ; it 

 grows much taller than V. reticulatum, and its berries are better tasting than 

 those of the latter. 



Rubiaceae are also not uncommon. We find again Coprosma ernodeoides 

 (Kukainene), Coprosma montana, and C. menziesii, with Sanicula sandwicensis, 

 Plantago pachyphylla, Fragaria clnlensis (the Chilean strawberry), and the iri- 

 daceous Sisyrynchium acre, once employed in tattooing by the Hawaiians. 



Ranunculus Hawaiiensis (Makou), the Hawaiian buttercup, is not uncommon 

 on Puunianiau crater, and exceedingly plentiful on Mauna Kea, especially above 

 Waiki and the craters Kaluamakani, Moano, etc. Silene struthioloides is found 

 in black cinder in the crater, as well as on the slopes. Metrosideros polymorpha 

 var. /?. and $ are usually found in gulches, together with Suttonia sp., Dodonaea 

 eriocarpa, Sopliora chrysophylla, and others. 



Special mention must be made of the wonderful development which the tem- 

 perate genus Geranium has reached in these islands. Like the Violaceae, it has 

 become arborescent and evolved into many species. The Hawaiian species of 

 Geranium form a distinct section in the family, called Neuropliyllodes. All 

 species have a peculiar type of leaf which varies in size, shape, and pubescence. 



Geranium tridens is the common shrubby form which can be seen mixed with 

 Sophora chrysophylla; its leaves are covered with a bright-silvery pubescence, 

 and are tridentate at the apex, whence the name. It is the most common species 

 on Haleakala, while G. arboreum is scarcer. It is usually found in sheltered 

 places near Puunianiau crater. The leaves are the largest of any of the Ha- 

 waiian Geraniums, and are not silvery ; the flowers are a purplish-red ; the petals 

 are unequal, giving it the appearance of a violet. The name arboreum would 

 have fitted better to G. multiflorum var. canum, which is, indeed, a small tree, 

 15 feet in height, with a trunk of about 10 inches in diameter, while the former 

 is a large shrub with drooping, rambling branches. G. multiflorum var. canum 

 is not uncommon in the crater, but is found especially in Kaupo Gap, where it 

 grows on upheaved aa lava, or fissures, together with Artemisia australis. 

 Geranium ovatifolium, also a shrub, is found on the north bank of Haleakala 

 crater. 



Labiatae are not very conspicuous in this region, though a few species of 

 Phyllostegia and Stenogyne are not uncommon. One St. microphylla the writer 

 found entangling Santalum Haleakalae; the leaves are very small, measuring 

 only about three lines in length; the flowers are very inconspicuous and green. 

 The epacridaceous shrub Styphelia tameiameia (Pukeawe) is the most common, 

 while St. imbricata, very common on Mauna Kea, is only found near the summit 

 of Haleakala. T etramolopium humile and T. Chamissonis var. arbuscula, the 

 Hawaiian daisies, occupy cracks between rocks and can also be found in black 

 cinder. 



The most interesting discovery, however, made by the writer is a new species 



82 



