Santalaceae. 



In the Hawaiian Islands four species are to be found, which are perhaps only 

 variations of a single species. Since the large export of Sandalwood from these 

 Islands to China, the trees have became rather scarce and only individual ones 

 can be found scattered through the drier forests. On Oahu, Sandalwood trees 

 or Iliahi are still plentiful in certain districts, such as Kahuku, and in Palolo 

 Valley, where they are very numerous at the lower elevation in company with 

 Acacia Koa (Koa). 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 

 Inflorescence axillary and terminal. 

 Perigone reddish, 8 to 10 mm. 



Drupe ovoid, smooth S. ellipticum 



Perigone reddish, large, 12 to 14 mm. cylindrical. 



Drupe obovoid, rough S. pyrularium 



Perigone yellowish, 6 mm campanulate. 



Drupe ovoid, smooth, mucronate S. Freycinetianum 



Inflorescence a terminal cymose densely flowered panicle. 



Perigone bright red S. Haleakalae 



Santalum Freycinetianum Gaud. 



Iliahi. 

 (Plates 42, 43.) 



SANTALUM FEEYCINETIANUM Gaud. Bot. Voy. Uranie (1826) (1830) 442, t. 45; 

 Hook, et Am. Bot. Beech. (1832) 90; Endl. Fl. Suds. (1836) no. 939; Guill. Zeph. 

 Tait. (1836-37) no. 184; DC. Prodr. XIV. (1857) 682; Jardin, Hist. lies. Marqu. 

 (1858) 184; A. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. IV. (1860) 326; et in Bot. U. S. E. E. 

 ined; Panch. in Cuzent, Tahiti (1860) 233; H. Mann Proc. Amer. Acad. VII 

 (1867) 198; Wawra in Flora (1875) 171; Hbd. Fl. Haw. Isl. (1888) 389; 

 Hieronym. in Engl. et Prantl. Pflzfam. Ill, 1 (1889) 221; Del Cast. 111. Fl. Ins. 

 Mar. Pacif. VII (1892) 282 et Fl. Polyn. Franc. (1893) 173. Santalum insulare 

 Bertero, in Guill, 1. c.; Nadeaud Enum. (1873) no. 328. 



Leaves opposite, ovate to obovate or elliptico oblong, 4 to 8 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, 

 on petioles of 2 to 15 mm; either obtuse or acute at both ends, chartaceous, glabrous, glossy 

 and darker green above, lighter underneath or in specimens from North Kona golden yel- 

 low; cymes paniculate terminal or in the axils of the upper leaves 2.5 to 5 cm long, few 

 flowered in axillary inflorescences, densely flowered in terminal ones; the flowers in almost 

 sessile clusters or 3 to 9 or more; perigone yellowish green, with slight reddish tint, cam- 

 panulate about 6 mm, the somewhat acute lobes as long or longer than the tube; disc 

 lobes short and broad, tufts of hair very scanty and short; anthers longer than the fila- 

 ments; style little shorter than the perigone, shortly 3 to 4 cleft; drupe ovoid, about 15 

 mm long when mature, the apex somewhat truncate, very shortly mucronate, and crowned 

 with depressed annulus; putamen smooth. 



Santalum Freycinetianum, the Hawaiian Sandalwood of the commerce of by- 

 gone days, is a most variable species. It is often a small shrub, but usually a 

 medium-sized tree, and is peculiar to the dry regions of these Islands. It loves the 

 lava fields of the Island of Hawaii, where it is especially common, comparatively 

 speaking. It occurs as a small tree in South Kona on the lava fields of Kapua, 

 and Manuka, while in North Kona on the old lava flows of Mt. Hualalai it 

 reaches a handsome size. Here the tree grows 35 feet or so tall, with a trunk of 

 10 to 12 inches in diameter, which is clothed in a rather rough scaly bark. 



On the slopes of Mauna Loa above Kealakekua, at an elevation of about 5000 

 feet, the writer met with the biggest Sandalwood trees to be found in the whole 

 group. They differ very much in their outward appearance from the other varie- 

 ties known to the writer. The trees reach a height of over 50 feet and have a 



