GUTTIFELRAE: 



The family Guttiferae reaches its highest development between the tropics of 

 Cancer and Capricorn, and only the genus Hypericum is found also outside the 

 tropics. To this family belong the Mammei apple, the Mangosteen, and other 

 edible fruits. The genus Calophyllum is here represented by only one cosmo- 

 politan species. 



CALOPHYLLUM L. 



Flowers polygamous; sepals and petals not always distinguishable from each other, 

 together 4 to 12, in 2 to 3 rows, imbricate; stamens many, free or hardly united at the 

 base, filiform, with ovate or elongate anthers, long style and peltate stigma. Fruit a 

 drupe with thin sarcocarp, with crustaceous stone and globose or ovoid seed. Trees with 

 shiny coriaceous leaves, with numerous parallel nerves, and medium sized or rather small 

 flowers, arranged in racemes or panicles. 



The genus Calophyllum with its 55 species occurs in the old world, with the 

 exception of 4 species which are found in tropical America. Only one species, 

 C. Inopliyllum, the true Hawaiian Kamani, is represented in these islands. It 

 is the most noteworthy species of those occurring in the old world. It produces 

 the real Balsamum Mariae, and a resin called Tacamaliak. 



Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. 



Kamani. 

 (Plate 122.) 



CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM Linn. Spec. Plant. I. (1753) 513; Forst. Prodr. (1786) 

 no. 225; DC. Prodr. I. (1824) 562; Guillem. Zeph. Tait. (1836-1837) no. 337; 

 Endl. Fl. Suds. (1836) no. 1397; A. Gray, Bot. U. S. E. E. (1854) 218; Pancher 

 in Cuzent, Tahiti (1860) 223; Seem. Fl. Vit. (1865) 12; Parkins Draw. Tab. 

 PI. (ined. cf. Seem.) t. 55; H. Mann, Proc. Am. Ac-ad. VII. (1867) 156, et Fl. 

 Haw. Isl. in Proc. Essex Inst. V. (1867) 133; Nadeaud Enum. Tahit. PI. (1873) 

 no 440. Wawra in Flora (1874); Hbd. Fl. Haw. Isl. (1888) 40; Del Cast. 111. 

 Ins. Mar. Pac. VI. (1890) 116, et Fl. Polyn. Franc. (1893) 10: Erigler in Engl. et 

 Prantl Pflzfam. III. 6. (1895) 222. Fig. 105; Wilder Fr. Haw. Isl. (1911) 152. 

 pi. 74. Brigham Ka Hana Kapa (1911) 171, fig. 102. 



Leaves coriaceous, shining, broadly oblong or obovate, 20 cm x 10 cm rounded or 

 emarginate. on petioles of about 2.5 cm; racemes axillary, 5 to 17 cm long, the pedicles 

 2.5 to 3.5 cm with short, soon deciduous bracts at the base; sepals 4, rounded 8 to 10 mm 

 long; petals 4, rarely 6 to 8, white, oblong 14 to 16 mm; stamens numerous, style 4 to 6 

 mm; fruit globose 2.5 to 4 cm thick; the flowers are fragrant. 



This beautiful cosmopolitan tree, which grows always near or at the sea- 

 shore, reaches a height of 50 to 60 feet or even more ; it forms large groves in 

 certain districts of the islands. One is especially remarkable on the Island of 

 Molokai. at the entrance of the vallev of Halawa, which has been referred to 

 by the earliest navigators. Trees of this species, which was found here by the 

 first white men and is therefore counted as indigenous, occur on all the islands 

 of the group on the sea-shores. It is also known through all tropical Asia and 

 Polynesia. Its Tahitian name is Tamanu, while it is known in Samoa as Tefau. 

 The Samoans employ the oil of the nuts as a remedy for eye catarrh, while in 



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