Apocynaceae. 



This most interesting species is a small tree 15 to 25 feet in height and re- 

 sembles somewhat the Alaa or Sideroxylon sandwicense. The native name of 

 this rather rare tree is Kaulu, according to Hillebrand. The locality for the 

 tree is Oahu, Nuuanu Valley, and Makaleha Valley of the Waianae range. In 

 the latter place the tree was observed by C. N. Forbes and also by a student of 

 the College of Hawaii, but has not been collected by the writer. The tree seems 

 to be conspicuous on account of its bright red double fruits. 



RAUWOLFIA Linn. 



Calyx small, deeply 5-cleft, with obtuse or acute, imbricate lobes, glandless. Corolla 

 salver-shaped, cylindrical, constricted at the scaleless throat, tube dilated at the place 

 of insertion of the stamens, lobes sinistrorse. Stamens small, with obtuse or acute 

 anthers, inserted at the middle of the tube or higher. Discus cup-shaped, truncate or 

 lobed. Ovaries 2, superior, entirely free, or connate, at the base; ovules paired in each 

 cell, pendulous; style filiform, with a short cylindrical stigma with a membraneous ring 

 at the base. Drupes distinct, frequently connate at the base, obcordate, with crustaceous 

 putamen. Seeds with uniform albumen. Glabrous rarely tomentose trees or shrubs with 

 usually opposite or whorled leaves. Flowers small in compound often umbellate cymes, 

 at first terminal. 



The genus Rauwolfia consists of about 45 species, which occur in the tropics of 

 the old and new world. In the Hawaiian Islands only one species is represented. 

 The Hawaiian species has often been confused with Ochrosia parviflora (Forst.) 

 DC. and has even been described twice by De Candolle, once as Ochrosia sand- 

 wiccnsis, which now stands as a synonym. 



Rauwolfia sandwicensis A. DC. 



Hao. 

 (Plate 166.) 



EAITWOLFIA SANDWICENSIS A. DC. Prodr. VIII. (1844) 339; H. Mann Proc. Am. 

 Ac-ad. VII. (1867) 197; Wawra in Flora (1874) 367; Hbd. Fl. Haw. Isl. (1888) 

 295; Del Cast. 111. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac. VII. (1892) 232; K. Schum. in Engl. et 

 Prantl Pflzfam. IV. 2. (1895) 153; Heller Plants Haw. Isl. (1897) 878. 

 Cerbera parviflora Hook, et Am. (not Forst.) Bot. Beech. (1832) 90. Ochrosia 

 sandwicensis A. DC. Prodr. VIII. (1844) 357 (not Gray). 



Leaves 5 in a whorl, elliptico oblong, acuminate at both ends, pale chartaceous, on 

 petioles of 1.5 to 3 cm (in all of the writer's material and not 2 to 3 mm as given in 

 Hillebrand), with 5 to 12 stipitate glands in each axilla; flowers crowded into 4 um- 

 bellately compound cymes of the same length or longer than the petioles, at first terminal 

 then axillary; the common peduncle 1 to 3.5 cm, pedicels about 2 mm; calyx 5 mm, parted 

 to near the base into 5 oblong obtuse lobes; tube of the yellowish-green corolla 8 mm, 

 scantily hairy inside, dilated below the constricted throat, the lobes 3 mm; anthers sub- 

 sessile, sagittate, shortly exserted; discus small, annular or 5 lobed; ovules 4 in each 

 carpel; drupe compressed, obcordate, deeply emarginate at the top, 8 to 12 mm in height 

 and more in width, fleshy, black when mature; albumen scanty, radicle terete, superior. 



The Hao is a medium-sized tree with milky sap. When growing in localities 

 with rich soil and occasional rainfall it develops a straight trunk 6 to 12 inches 

 in diameter and a total height of sometimes over 20 feet. When growing on 

 the rough aa lava flows on the leeward sides of the Islands, as on Auahi, Maui, 

 on the southern slopes of Mt. Haleakala, it is a more or less stunted shrub. 



It resembles the Holei very much and when not in flower or fruit is not often 

 easily distinguished from it. The leaves are of a lighter green than the Holei 

 and not quite as thick in texture; it differs mainly from it in its small black 

 fruits which are obcordate. 



409 



