Compositae. 



The Xaenae is more or less common on all the islands, but particularly on 

 Oahu, where it can be found at an elevation of 2000 feet at the head of Pauoa 

 valley, at the foot of Konahuanui. On Maui it is very common at the west end 

 at a lower elevation along Honakawai gulch, back of Kaanapali, as well as at 

 Honokahau. On Haleakala it is plentiful along the gulches near Kula, at 3000 

 feet, and is scattered in the rain forest near Waikamoi and Puukakai above 

 Olinda at an elevation of 4000 feet. Occasional plants can be found in the crater 

 of Haleakala in Kaupo Gap at an elevation of 5000 to 6000 feet, together with 

 Raillardia sp., Argyroxiphium virescens, Lobelia liypoleuca, Geranium multi- 

 forum, etc. On Hawaii it is found in the mountains of Kohala, as well as on the 

 slopes of Hualalai at about 6000 feet, in company with Dodonaea, Styphelia, 

 Coprosma, etc., on black cinder. On Kauai it is gregarious along Waialae stream 

 together with Diibautia laevigata and other plants. 



It is peculiar to the rain forest, where it reaches its best development, but can 

 occasionally be found in the drier districts. On Oahu it is also plentiful in the 

 mountains of Punaluu at an elevation of 2000 feet. 



Another species, Diibautia laxa Hook, et Arn. occurs on Oahu, though a shrub. 

 The Writer discovered a variety of this latter species on Kauai at the central 

 plateau in the swampy forests and on the borders of the great open bogs at an 

 elevation of 4500-5000 feet, It is a small tree 15 to 18 feet in height with few 

 spreading branches, which, together with the leaves are hirsute with whitish- 

 gray hair. The inflorescence is a large hirsute corymb, bearing dark orange- 

 yellow heads of 6 mm in diameter on pedicels of 12 mm. It differs from the 

 species in the large, orange colored flower-heads which are on long pedicels, 

 while in the species they are nearly subsessile. It may be known as Diibautia 

 laxa H. et A. var. pcdicellata Rock var. nov. 



RAILLARDIA Gaud. 



The genus Raillardia differs from Diibautia in its plumose pappus-rays and 

 usually naked receptacle; flower-heads as in Diibautia. Shrubs or trees with 

 ternate. alternate, or opposite leaves, with various venations ; flowers in terminal 

 racemes, panicles or corymbs, yeLhnv. 



The genus Raillardia is peculiar to the Hawaiian Islands, though it is of 

 American affinity, as it is closely related to the California genus, Raillardella, 

 established by Gray, with four species peculiar to the high mountains of the 

 Sierra Nevada and Yosemite district at elevations from 8000 to 11,000 feet. 

 Most of the Hawaiian Raillardiae inhabit our high mountains to an altitude of 

 11,000 feet, but a few species (shrubby) occur as low as 2500 feet, or even lower. 



The arborescent species are found at high elevations only. The California 

 Raillardella are acaulescent herbs with stout, creeping rootstocks. 



The species of Raillardia are not at all clearly defined in Hillebrand's Flora, 

 and need a revision. A few species run into each other so that it is sometimes 



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