PHENOMENA FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION 87 



The Toxin of the Bacillus of Symptomatic Anthrax (Grassberger & 

 Shattenfroh, Munch. Med. Woch., 1900, 1901 and 10 c. cit.). 



The Toxin of the Bacillus Botulinus (Kempner, Zeitschr. f. Hyg.,Vo\. 26, 

 1897). 



The Toxin of the Bacillus Pyocyaneus (Wassermann, Zeitschr. f. Hyg., 

 Vol. 22, 1896). 



The Toxin of the Dysentery Bacillus (?) Shiga-Kruse type (Kraus u. 

 Doerr, Wien. klin. Woch., 1905). 



The leukocyte poison of the Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, Leucocidin 

 (Denys & Van de Velde, La cellule, 1895). 



The Hemolytic Poisons of Various Bacteria (see Pribram in " Kraus und 

 Levaditi Handbuch," Vol. II, p. 223). 



Proteolytic Ferments of the Hog Cholera Bacillus (De Schweintz, Medical 

 News, 1892). 



The Toxin of the Cholera Spirillum (?) Brau& Denier, Compt. rend, de Vacad. 

 des sc., 1906, Kraus, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1906, and Wien. klin. Woch., 1906). 



Ricin (Ehrlich, loc. cit.}. 



Abrin (Ehrlich, loc. cit.}. 



Kro tin (Ehrlich, loc. cit.}. 



Snake venom (Calmette, loc. cit.}. 



Spider poison (Sachs, " Hoffmeister's Beitrage," 1902, and Ehrlich, "Ge- 

 sammelte Arbeiten," etc.). 



Lab. enzyme (Morgenroth, loc. cit.}. 



Pepsin (Sachs, Fortschr. d. Med., 1902). 



Trypsin (Achalme, Ann. Past., 1901). 



Leukocytic ferments Leukoprotease (Jochmann & Miiller, Munch, med. 

 Woch., 1906). 



The period of investigation which was initiated by the discovery 

 of the specific antitoxins was replete with efforts to determine true 

 toxins and, consequently, antitoxic immunity for all pathogenic 

 bacteria. We have already mentioned that in many cases these 

 efforts were futile trie bacteria in question being found to secrete 

 no exotoxin and the immunity established against them developing 

 without the formation of demonstrable antitoxin. Metchnikoff 29 

 showed this to be the case with hog cholera as early as 1892, and the 

 investigations of Sanarelli, Isaeff, and Pfeiffer and Wassermann 

 pointed in the same direction. 



Perhaps the clearest definition of the conditions prevailing dur- 

 ing immunization of animals with non-toxin-forming bacteria was 

 that formulated at this time by Pfeiffer. The importance of the bac- 

 tericidal power of serum, as discussed before this by Fliigge, Nut- 

 tall, and others, had dealt largely with variations of this general 

 property in relation to natural immunity, but had failed to recognize 

 clearly a specific increase in these powers during active immuniza- 



28 This list includes all th'e important antitoxin-inciting substances. For 

 a more complete tabulation see Wassermann in "Kolle u. Wassermann Hand- 

 buch, etc.," Vol. IV, 1st Ed., p. 498. Our own list is adapted from the one 

 there given. 



29 Metchnikoff. Ann. Past., 1892. 



