BACTERIAL ANAPHYLAXIS 



415 



confirmed by ISTeufeld and Dold, 15 Kraus, 16 Ritz and Sachs, 17 and 

 many others/ 8 and, though the conditions under which the anaphy- 

 latoxin formation took place were defined with slight variation by 

 different workers, the essential features of Friedberger's claims 

 were upheld. 



As was to be expected, it was soon found that instead of the pro- 

 longed exposures at refrigerator temperature the poisons could be 

 obtained more rapidly by digestion for shorter periods in .water 19 

 baths at 37 C. And with this method accurate studies on the rela- 

 tions between time of exposure and proportions of reagents (antigen, 

 sensitizer, alexin) were made, relations the importance of which 

 was apparent from Friedberger's first studies. The outcome of 

 this work was as follows: 1. There are a definite minimum and a 

 definite maximum quantity of bacteria from which anaphylatoxin 

 can be produced by a given fixed quantity of guinea pig serum. 

 Thus, in one of the experiments of Friedberger and Goldschmid, 4 

 loopsful of typhoid bacilli with 4 c. c. of complement produced a 

 fatal poison, 24 loopsful with the same amount produced none. (In 

 some of the writer's 20 experiments with typhoid bacilli a similar 

 principle of proportions was evident, though much larger quantities 

 of typhoid bacilli could be successfully used if the time of exposure at 

 37 C. was prolonged.) 2. If sensitized bacteria are used an excess 

 of sensitization, beyond a definite limit, weakens the formation of 

 anaphylatoxin. It may be permitted to illustrate this with a protocol 

 of one of the writer's experiments with typhoid bacilli, since, though 

 merely confirming the principle- laid down by Friedberger, it in- 

 cluded a careful titration of the bactericidal contents of the anti- 

 typhoid serum. 



TITRATION EXPERIMENT WITH TYPHOID-IMMUNE SERUM 



Rabbit 79 



15 Nenfeld and Bold. Berl klin. Woch., No. 2, 24, 1911; Arb. a. d. kais. 

 Gesundheits amt., Vol. 38, 1911. 



16 Kraus. Zeitschr. f. Immunitatsforsch., Vol. 8, 1911. 



17 Ritz u. Sachs. Berl. klin. Woch., No. 22, 1911. 



18 Izar. Zeitschr. f. Immunitatsforsch., Vol. 11, 1911. 



19 Friedberger u. Mita. Zeitschr. f. Immunitatsforsch., Vol. 10, 1911. 

 See also Bold, "Das Bakterien Anaphylatoxin," Fischer, Jena, 1912. 



20 Zinsser. Jour. Exp. Med., Vol. 17, 1913. 



