BACTERIAL ANAPHYLAXIS 



417 



pig serum alone, active or inactivated, the bacteria, or the immune 

 serum alone were without toxicity in all of numerous controls. 14 



The experiments of Friedberger and his associates were rapidly 

 confirmed by Neufeld and Dold, 15 Kraus, 16 Ritz and Sachs, 17 and 

 many others, 18 and, though the conditions under which the anaphy- 

 latoxin formation took place were defined with slight variation by 

 different workers, the essential features of Friedberger' s claims 

 were upheld. 



As was to be expected, it was soon found that instead of the pro- 

 longed exposures at refrigerator temperature the poisons could be 

 obtained more rapidly by digestion for shorter periods in water 19 

 baths at 37 C. And with this method accurate studies on the rela- 

 tions between time of exposure and proportions of reagents (antigen, 

 sensitizer, alexin) were made, relations the importance of which 

 was apparent from Friedberger's first studies. The outcome of 

 this work was as follows: 1. There are a definite minimum and a 

 definite maximum quantity of bacteria with which anaphylatoxin 

 can be produced by a given fixed quantity of guinea pig serum. 

 Thus, in one of the experiments of Friedberger and Goldschmid, 4 

 loopsful of typhoid bacilli with 4 c. c. of complement produced a 

 fatal poison, 24 loopsful with the same amount produced none. (In 

 some of the writer's 20 experiments with typhoid bacilli a similar 

 principle of proportions was evident, though much larger quantities 



TITBATION EXPERIMENT WITH TYPHOID-IMMUNE SERUM 



Rabbit 79 



14 Injury of the animals by mere volume of injection can be definitely 

 excluded. The writer has frequently injected 5 to 6 c. c. of salt solution 

 into guinea pigs of 200 to 300 grams without symptoms in any way resem- 

 bling anaphylaxis. 



15 Neufeld and Dold. Berl. klin. ~Woch., No. 2, 24, 1911; Arb. a. d. kais. 

 Gesundheits amt., Vol. 38, 1911. 



16 Kraus. Zeitschr. f. Immunitatsforsch., Vol. 8, 1911. 



17 Ritz u. Sachs. Berl. klin. Woch., No. 22, 1911. 



18 Izar. Zeitschr. f. Immunitatsforsch., Vol. 11, 1911. 



19 Friedberger u. Mita. Zeitschr. f. Immunitatsforsch., Vol. 10, 1911. 

 See also Dold, "Das Bakterien Anaphylatoxin," Fischer, Jena, 1912. 



20 Zinsser. Jour. Exp. Med., Vol. 17, 1913. 



