444 INFECTION AND RESISTANCE 



bility of von Behring, in that the tuberculin is but slightly toxic in 

 itself. 



If the analogy is such a close one, therefore, it should be easy to 

 formulate experiments by which the phenomena now ascertained 

 regarding serum-anaphylaxis could be demonstrated for tuberculin 

 hypersusceptibility. The obvious procedure, therefore, would be to 

 attempt to passively transfer tuberculin sensitiveness to a normal 

 animal with the serum of a tuberculous one. This has indeed been 

 attempted by Friedemann, 44 later by Bauer 45 and a number of 

 others usually with negative result. The writer, hoping to develop 

 a diagnostic method for tuberculosis, has also attempted this by the 

 transference of human tuberculous blood to guinea pigs, but invari- 

 ably obtained negative results. Yamanouchi 46 alone has reported 

 positive experiments by a similar procedure with rabbits, but so far 

 his results, according to Friedemann, have completely failed of con- 

 firmation. Austrian succeeded by sensitizing guinea pigs with 5 

 c. c. of titrated whole blood, using for the second injection a tuber- 

 culo-protein prepared by the method of Baldwin. 47 In this particu- 

 lar, therefore, the analogy between anaphylaxis and the tuberculin 

 reaction, though not easily worked out, has nevertheless been estab- 

 lished. Another objection which has been made by a number of ob- 

 servers is the fact that anaphylaxis is accompanied by temperature 

 depression while tuberculin reactions are followed by a rise. This 

 objection may be regarded as invalid, however, in the light of Fried- 

 berger's 48 experiments which showed that temperature depression 

 follows only when large doses of the antigen are injected into the 

 sensitized animals, smaller doses often giving rise to increased tem- 

 perature. 



We gain a certain amount of insight into the conditions here 

 prevailing by considering the information which has been obtained 

 from the study of the antibodies formed in animals in tuberculosis. 

 It appears from the work of Christian and Rosenblatt 49 that anti- 

 bodies to the tubercle bacillus are formed by tuberculous animals 

 only. Normal animals form these to a very slight degree only, if at 

 all, when immunization with tuberculin is attempted. In other 

 words, as Friedemann ("Weichhardt's Jahresbericht," 6, 1910) 

 points out, the specific reaction of antibody formation in tuberculosis 

 seems to be closely associated with the tuberculous tissues themselves. 



44 Friedemann. "tiber anaphylaxie," "Weichhardt's Jahresberieht," Vol. 6, 

 1910. 



45 Bauer. Cited ibid.; also Munch, med. Woch., 1909, p. 1218. 



46 Yamanouchi. Wien. klin. Woch., 1908, p. 1263. 



47 Austrian Bull, of the Johns Hop. Hosp., Vol. 24, 1913 ; Baldwin, Journ. 

 Med. Bes., Vol. 17, 1910. 



48 Friedberger. Deutsche med. Woch., No. 11, 1911. 



49 Christian and Rosenblatt. Munch, med. Woch., 1908. 



