introduced into the Electoral Army. 703 



correction and punishment in the military service was 

 established by law, and known publicly. 



This arrangement alone would have sufficed to bring 

 the whole army into disrepute ; because it is never to 

 be expected that the sons of honourable citizens and 

 peasants, who must make up the foundation and true 

 strength of every well-constituted army, will enlist vol- 

 untarily in a service where they will have condemned 

 criminals for companions. 



Further, among the more marked deficiencies of the 

 army, it is to be considered that no step had been taken 

 towards the establishment of a system of military trans- 

 portation ; neither pontoons nor caissons, and only 

 very few wagons, were on hand, and most of the can- 

 nons and mortars that were on hand were entirely 

 unfit to use. 



The stock of equipments in the magazines was ex- 

 tremely insignificant. There was a deficiency in field 

 equipments. New side-arms had to be procured for the 

 cavalry, and even the fire-arms of the infantry were 

 almost entirely useless. They were not only very old, 

 of different sorts, and used up, but they were at the 

 same time of various calibres, which last fault is one 

 which is followed by very evil consequences at the first 

 serious use made of them. 



I will not assert that all these deficiencies and pre- 

 vailing faults which formerly existed in the Electoral 

 army have been remedied and done away with. I know- 

 only too well that many of them still exist even to-day, 

 and that it will require much time and labour before 

 the military can be placed on a perfect footing. Only 

 I think that the first foundation for an improvement is 

 now laid, and that the troops themselves, as well as the 



