ARTIFICIAL FLIES. 121 



shank of the hook required. Artificial flies are winged 

 with slips or cuts from the inner web of the large feathers, 

 They are hackled by winding the stem of the feather 

 tight over the shoulders, keeping the fibres free. The 

 flies in the list are divided into seven classes, being of 

 seven different shapes. The same shape of the natural 

 flies in each class must be given to -their artificial- imi- 

 tations. 



The Browns require the cylinder like form of head, 

 shoulders, and body, in their proportions, for they are 

 the bulk and substance of all flies, from which the 

 wings and legs are but shades and offshoots. Body, 

 half length, of eight or nine" rounds of suitable sized 

 silk, which is the number of joints. Winged on the 

 middle shoulder, and legged at the breast. Hackled 

 on the second and third shoulder, the fibres of the fea- 

 ther to lie down flat at the stem, by the action of the 

 water, and close over the back and sides in the wire 

 like form of the closed wings of the flies. 



The Drakes. Head according with that of the fly ; 

 shoulders, short and thickish ; body, above half length, 

 rather smaller to the end ; wings, on the mid shoulder, 

 to stand up like those of a butterfly, slantingdicular 

 over the body ; leg at the breast ; hackle over the mid 

 and third shoulder, the fibres of the feather to start 

 upwards from the stem, and have a natural tention in 

 the direction of the wings of the flies. If the color of 

 the feather suit for both wings and legs, pinch the up- 

 per fibres together for wings, and trim and shorten the 

 under ones for legs ; which is the shortest way of 

 dressing a fly, and often done by the craft. The glit- 

 tering wings of all the drake tribes, after casting their 



