122 ARTIFICIAL FLIES. 



skins, are best represented by the glittering cock-hackle 

 feathers, 



The Duns. Small heads, and small jumped-up 

 shoulders ; body, rather fuller, and better than half 

 length ; wing near the head, and leg at the breast. 

 Hackle on the shoulders near the head ; the fibres 

 to cl-ose flat at the stem by the action of the wa- 

 ter ; for if they appear thick at the shoulders when 

 the fibres of the feather are closed, the shape of both 

 these flies and the browns is lost. 



The Spinners. Small heads, large round shoulders, 

 bodies cylindrical, near two-thirds the length. Wing 

 or hackle on the shoulder, leg at the breast. 



The House Flies. Head, shoulders, and body in 

 their proportions thickish ; body, somewhat oval, and 

 about half the length. Wing on each side of top of 

 shoulders, to lie horizontal and point more or less from 

 the body ; leg at the breast ; hackle over the fore-part 

 of shoulder. The proportions of this class rather vary. 



The Beetles. Head, small ; shoulders and body 

 growing broader, into an oval form ; body, about three- 

 fifths of the length ; wing where the shoulders and 

 body join, to close over the back ; leg at the breast ; 

 hackle for under-wings close behind the top ones. 



The Ant Flies. Largish head, thick shoulders, 

 small waist, plump oval body, thickness of the shoul- 

 ders, and near or about half the length of the fly. 

 Wing on each side of top of shoulder, to slant upwards 

 and from the body ; leg at the breast. May be hackled 

 over top of shoulder, and trimmed for legs. 



The colors, shades, and reflections, of the natural 

 flies, must be imitated as well as their sizes and shapes. 



