SANITATION. 17 



must be such as to prevent any surface overflow from adjoining 

 property, and also be ample to keep the stock in good condition at 

 all limes. It should be ample to care for the waste, as this is some- 

 lime a serious problem. If the natural body of water available is 

 not sufficient, settling tanks or filters may be necessary. Fermenting 

 material, such as tomato trimmings or corn refuse, should not be 

 tolerated within or near the factory. The supply of water should 

 be sufficient for all purposes and of good quality ; that used in wash- 

 ing, blanching, and brining should be free from excessive hardness 

 or iron, otherwise the finished products may be damaged. If the 

 water for this purpose is not naturally of the right quality, artificial 

 treatment will be necessary. The water used for washing about the 

 factory should have a good pressure for cleaning. A factory with a 

 poor location, or an insufficient or poor water supply, has a handicap 

 which is difficult to overcome. The facilities for bringing in or 

 sending out of stock should be ample, so that materials used need not 

 be delayed, especially when it may mean deterioration. 



The buildings should be designed with reference to the special 

 products to be packed, but there are some features which should be 

 common to all. The ceilings of all rooms should be high, with ample 

 provision for light and ventilation. The light should come from 

 numerous side windows, or, if the rooms are large, from turrets, or 

 a saw-tooth-roof construction. Either of these two arrangements 

 can be made to give a flood of light and at the same time provide 

 good ventilation. An advantage in the saw-tooth construction arises 

 from the cooling and drying effect. When the straight section, or 

 windows, are turned toward the north, the sun beating upon the 

 southern incline will heat the layer of air underneath, causing it to 

 rise. This creates a circulation within the room which tends to dry 

 floors and tables and to lower the temperature. Tests made in fac- 

 tories so constructed have shown several degrees lower temperature 

 on hot days than was recorded in factories having the usual form 

 of roof. 



One of the marked contrasts between the newer and older con- 

 struction is the provision for plenty of light. Light has a beneficial 

 effect upon employees, contributes to cleanliness, and is an active, 

 constant disinfectant. High ceilings and proper roof construction 

 usually render artificial ventilation unnecessary, but if mechanical 

 measures are employed a blower system, with provision for cleaning 

 the air, is to be preferred to suction. An abundance of light and air 

 is a combination which will contribute to the maximum of labor 

 efficiency. 



A tight, hard floor is a necessity, and in all rooms where manu- 

 facturing processes are conducted it should be pitched about 1J inches 

 for each 10 feet. The pitching should have special reference to the 

 24210 Bull. 15112 2 



