290 INSECTS 



is found in the resin washes which have had a wide use 

 on the Pacific coast, but have not been much exploited 

 in the east. Two formulas for summer and winter 

 washes are given: 



SUMMER FORMULA. 



Resin 20 pounds 



Caustic soda, 70 per cent, or over 5 pounds 



Fish oil 3 pints 



Water sufficient to make 100 gallons 



WINTER FORMULA. 



Resin 30 pounds 



Caustic soda, 70 per cent, or over 9 pounds 



Fish oil 4$ pints 



Water sufficient to make i oo gallons 



These are really very thin varnishes, readily soluble 

 in water and therefore more effective in a dry climate. 

 The second or winter wash contains so much resin that 

 its application to foliage would choke and thus destroy 

 it and is also much more caustic. The summer wash is 

 effective against scale larvae, recent sets, plant lice and 

 similar species, clogging their spiracles. 



To make these washes, boil all the ingredients 

 together with about twenty gallons of water until 

 thoroughly dissolved, adding hot water from time to 

 time as needed, but never enough to stop the boiling 

 after it has once begun. Three hours will be required 

 for a complete mixture, hot water being gradually 

 added to make up fifty gallons, stirring continuously. 

 After this, the balance of the 100 gallons may be added 

 in cold water. It may be that the work of preparing 

 these washes has something to do with their present 

 lack of popularity. 



It frequently happens that we have underground 

 insects such as root maggots to deal with, and none of 

 the soap or petroleum washes heretofore considered is 



