OUTLINES OF ENTOMOLOGY. 115 



inapt nomenclature occur only in popular language, for we find the 

 LOCUSTID^E include only the green grasshoppers and other solitary 

 species, while the genuine, often gregarious, and infinitely more destruc- 

 tive locusts are placed in the Family ACRIDIDJE. 



All the more important American species of ORTHOPTERA are 

 found in six Families, namely : Crickets (GRYLLID^E) ; Green Grass- 

 hoppers and Katydids (LocusTiD^i) ; True Locusts (ACRIDID^E) ; Walk- 

 ing sticks or Specters (PHASMID^E) ; Soothsayers, Devil's horses (MAN- 

 TID^;) and Cockroaches (BLATTID^E). The first three Families form a 

 section of the Order distinguished from their mode of progression as 

 the Jumpers (SALTATORIA) ; the fourth Family includes the Walkers 

 (AMBULATORIA) ; the fifth the Graspers (RAPTATORIA) ; the sixth the 

 Runners (CuRSORiA). 



CHAPTER XXIX. 



Order, ORTHOPTERA. Section, SALTATORIA. 



CRICKETS, GRASSHOPPERS, KATYDIDS, AND LOCUSTS. 



The jumping Orthoptera include all the musical and nearly all the 

 injurious species, namely, the Crickets, Green Grasshoppers and Lo- 

 custs. The Crickets (GRYLLID^E) are easily separated into three groups, 

 Mole crickets, House and Field crickets and Tree crickets, each con- 

 taining comparatively few species. They all agree in having somewhat 

 cylindrical bodies, either short and stout or slender and elongate, and 

 always terminate in more or less conspicuous stylets or a long, exserted 

 ovipositor. The head is large, roundish, or obtusely triangular; eyes 

 hemispherical, widely separated; antennte long, slender and tapering; 

 upper lip nearly circular, and the palpi, of which both pairs are well 

 developed, are somewhat club-shaped. The pro-thorax is broad and of 

 a firm, horny or shelly texture. The wings and wing covers, except in 

 the Tree crickets, cover only one-half or two-thirds of the abdomen. 

 The wing covers are of thick, leathery or mica-like membrane, with a 

 peculiar ridged venation, by means of which their calls and chirps are 

 produced. The legs vary in the development of certain parts to cor- 

 respond with the habits of the species, but the hinder pair always have 

 large thighs and more or less spiny shanks. 



The Mole crickets do not jump, but are peculiar for their burrow- 

 ing habits, and seldom emerge from their subterranean abodes until 

 after nightfall. They are large, stout insects, of dull brown colors, and 



