XXVI.] LIVER. 285 



(Ruffer 1 }. (H)- In the sections numerous small leucocytes will be found to 

 have wandered from the lymph follicles between the epithelial cells. There 

 are always to be seen several much larger cells mono-nucleated in the lymph 

 follicles. The smaller forms which may be mono-nucleated or poly -nucleated 

 have been called microphages, and the largest macrophages because both 

 are capable of taking up bacteria dead and alive into their protoplasm and 

 changing them by a process of intnicellular digestion. Transition forms 

 between microphages and macrophages of leucocytes may be found. In a 

 preparation stained by Gram's method the bacilli which are found in the 

 lymph-cells, but not in the epithelial-cells are stained deep blue-violet. 



(b.} Sections of glands fixed in sublimate may be stained with Ehrlich- 

 Biondi lluid and the same kinds of lymph-cells as occur in lymph-glands are 

 found. 2 The most numerous are (i) small lymph-cells with a nucleus (stained 

 green) surrounded by a small quantity of rose-coloured protoplasm. (2.) 

 Larger cells with rose-red protoplasm. (3.) Granular cells which seem to 

 correspond to eosinophilous cells. (4.) Cells undergoing degeneration ; and 

 (5.) Phagocytes. 



LESSON XXVI. 

 LIVER. 



IT is composed of a large number of lobules (i mm. (^ inch) in 

 diameter), held together by a greater or less amount of connective 

 tissue. Each lobule practically resembles its neighbour, and is 

 composed of a mass of polyhedral or cubical liver-cells which have 

 in relation with them blood-vessels and bile-ducts. The liver is 

 covered by a capsule, which sends processes into the organ at the 

 portal fissure, forming Glisson's capsule, which lies between the 

 lobules in the portal canals, and surrounds the portal vein, bile-duct, 

 and hepatic artery. The liver is supplied with blood by the vena 

 portse and hepatic artery ; they enter at the portal fissure, and the 

 former divides into branches v/hich ramify between the lobules, 

 constituting the interlobular veins. From these veins capillaries 

 pass into and traverse the substance of the lobules, and converge to 

 a veinlot in the centre of each lobule the central or intralobular 

 veins or rootlets of the hepatic vein, which form sublobular veins, 

 and these in their turn form the hepatic vein which carries the 

 blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava. The substance of 

 each lobule between the capillaries is composed of liver-cells (20 /*, 

 Yo-Vtf inch in diameter), which form anastomosing columns, being 

 more radiate next the centre of the lobule. Between the liver-cells, 



1 Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., xxx. p. 481. 



2 Hoyer, Archivf, mik. Aiiat., xxxiv., 1889. 



