72 



VEGETATION OF THE PEAK DISTRICT 



[CH. 



1. Marshy places. In marshy places, which occur in 

 the ash woods by stream sides, at the bottoms of some of 

 the streamless dales, and in places where springs arise, such 

 moisture-loving plants as the following occur, in addition to 

 such indigenous trees as the ash, the alder, and the crack 

 willow : — 



• Valeriana officinalis 

 Petasites ovatus 

 Cnicus heterophyllus 

 Phragmites communis 

 Phalaris arundinacea 

 Scirpus compressus (rare) 

 Sparganium ramosum 

 Orchis maculata 



Trollius europaeus (local) 

 Caltha palustris 

 Spiraea Ulmaria 

 Geum rivale 

 G. rivale x urbanum 

 Epilobium hirsutum 

 Myosotis palustris 

 Mentha aquatica 



2. Damp places. Other parts of the ash woods although 

 not really marshy, are nearly always very moist ; and such 

 places, like similar ones in the oak woods, have a rich and 

 varied ground flora. The trees are here usually well grown; 

 and the wych elm is frequently abundant (see figure 10). 

 Sheets of wood-garlic {Allium ursinuin) and of the lesser celan- 

 dine {Ranunculus Ficaria) are characteristic. The following is 

 a selected list of the ground species of such parts of the ash 

 woods : — 



Nephrodium Filix-mas 

 Lychnis dioica 

 Anemone nemorosa 

 Ranunculus Ficaria 

 Trollius eiu"opaeus (local) 

 Aquilegia vulgaris (local) 

 Fragaria vesca 

 Geum rivale 

 G. rivale x urbanum 

 Oxalis Acetosella 

 Polemonium coeruleum (local) 

 Myosotis sylvatica 

 Lamium Galeobdolon 

 Asperula odorata 

 Valeriana officinalis 



V. dioica (local) 

 Campanula latifolia (local) 

 Cnicua palustris 

 C. heterophyllus (local) 

 Deschampsia caespitosa 

 Bromus ramosus 

 Triticum caninum (local) 

 Hordeum europaeum 



( = H. sylvaticum) (local) 

 Carex sylvatica 

 Arum maculatum 

 Allium ursinum 

 Orchis maculata 

 Habenaria virescens 



( = H. chloroleuca) (local) 

 3. Dry places. On soils which are drier than the pre- 

 ceding, and which, during the summer months, may in fact 

 become temporarily very dry, expanses of dog's mercury {Mer- 

 curialis perennis) often occur ; and this plant is here frequently 

 associated with the tiny moschatel {Adoxa Moschatellina). At 



