n] 



WOODLAND ASSOCIATIONS 



75 



"Atropa Belladonna" 

 Galium verum 

 G. sylvestre 

 " Rubia peregrina " 

 Dipsacus pilosus 

 Scabiosa Columbaria 

 Campanula Trachelium 

 Eupatorium canuabinum 

 Inula squarrosa 

 ( = 1. Conyza) 

 Arctium nemorosum 

 Serratiila tinctoria 



Centaurea Scabiosa 



Picris hieracioides 



Hieracium spp. 



H. sciaphilum 



H. britannicum 



Carex ornithopoda 



Scirpus compressus 



" Polygonatum multiflorum " 



"P. officinale" 



Helleborine atro-rubens 



( = Epipactia atro-rubens) 

 "Orchis pyramidalis" 



On the other hand, the following species are found in the 

 oak and birch woods, and are absent from the ash woods of the 

 Peak District: — 



Trees and shrvhs 



Salix aurita 

 Betula pubescens 



Salix repens 

 Ulex Gallii 

 U. europaeus 

 Cytisus scoparius 



Quercus sessiliflora 

 Rhamnus Frangula 



Undershrubs 



Erica cinerea 

 Calluiia vulgaris 

 Vaccinium Myrtillus 

 V. Vitis-idaea 



Herbaceous species 



Equisetum sylvaticum 

 Cryptogamma crispa 

 Blechnum spicant 

 Nephrodium montanum 

 N. spinulosum 

 Corydalis claviculata 

 Pyrola minor 

 P. media 

 Scutellaria minor 

 Digitalis purpurea 

 Melampyrum pratense (agg.) 

 Galium saxatile 



Jasione montana 

 Wahlenbergia hederacea 

 Gnaphalium sylvaticum 

 Senecio sylvatica 

 Holcus mollis 

 Deschampsia flexuosa 

 Molinia caerulea 

 Carex binervis 

 C. helodes 



( = C. laevigata) 

 Luzula sylvatica 

 Orchis ericetorum 



Several species, whilst occurring both in the ash and in 

 the oak and birch woods, ascend to higher altitudes in the 

 former than in the latter; and the following are examples of 

 such species : — 



