VIIl] CULTIVATED LAND: CULTURE ASSOCIATIONS 211 



Sub-dominant 



Erica Tetralix Calluna vulgari.s 



Molinia caerulea Eriophorum vaginatum 



Abundant 

 Nardus stricta Deschampsia flexuosa 



Locally abundant 



Empetrum nigrum Vaccinium Myrtillus 



J uncus squaxTosus 



Occasional 

 Potentilla erecta Galium saxatile 



This list was taken at an altitude of about 1500 feet (457 ra.); 

 and the plantation extends, or rather its remains extend, up to 

 1700 feet (518 m.). At altitudes higher than about 1550 feet 

 (472 m.), however, the plantations of the district are, generally 

 speaking, failures. 



Afforestation. 



The question of the afforestation of waste lands in Britain 

 has in recent years occupied the attention of the public ; and 

 this attention has recently been stimulated by the publication 

 of a Government report. 



As the present district comprises a large proportion of waste 

 or uncultivated land, and as it contains numerous plantations, 

 some successful and others unsuccessful, on parts of this waste 

 land, a few remarks on the general subject are here given. 



Much of the waste land of the district is utterly unfitted 

 for immediate afforestation. This, in fact, applies to all peaty 

 moorland which is dominated by such plants as the cotton- 

 grasses (Eriophorum vaginatum or E. angustifolium), Scirpus 

 caespitosus, heather (Calluna vulgaris), bilberry (Vaccinium 

 Myrtillus), crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), and purple moor- 

 grass (Molinia caerulea). 



Before these sour and peaty places can be rendered fit for 

 afforestation, a great deal of preliminary work is necessary ; 



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