I A CHAPTER IN DARWINISM 7 



large pecuniary rewards by the sale of his inventions 

 should not be confounded with what is totally different 

 and remote from it, namely, the devoted, searching 

 spirit of science, which, heedless of pecuniary rewards, 

 ever faces nature with a single purpose — to ascertain 

 the causes of things. It seems to me impossible to 

 emphasise too strongly in such a place and in such a 

 meeting as this, that Invention is widely separate 

 from, though dependent on Science. Invention is 

 worldly-wise, and despises the pursuit of knowledge 

 for its own sake. She awaits the discoveries of 

 Science, in order to sell them to civilisation, gather- 

 ing the golden fruit which she has neither planted 

 nor tended. Invention follows, it is true, the foot- 

 steps of Science, but at a distance : she is utterly 

 devoid of that thriftless yearning after knowledge, 

 that passionate desire to know the truth, which causes 

 the unceasing advance of her guide and benefactress. 



We may, it seems to me, say that of all kinds and 

 varieties of knowledge that only is entitled to the 

 name " science " which can be described as Knowledge 

 of Causes, or Knowledge of the Order of Nature. It 

 is this knowledge to which the great founder of 

 European science — Aristotle the Greek — pointed as 



true knowledge: rore iiriardiieOa orav rrjv alrlav eiScofjuep. 

 Science is that knowledoe which enables us to demon- 

 strate so far as our limited faculties permit, that the 

 appearances which we recognise in the world around 

 us are dependent in definite ways on certain properties 

 of matter : science is that knowledge which enables, 

 or tends to enable us, to assign its true place in the 



