n BIOLOGY AND THE STATE 87 



enter into competition with him, without having the 

 same intention of teaching for one hour only, and of 

 carrying on researches for the rest of the day. They 

 will contemplate teaching for six hours a day, and 

 they will accordingly offer to those who require to be 

 taught either six hours' teaching for the same fee which 

 the researcher charges for one, or one hour for a sixth 

 part of that fee. Consequently the unprotected re- 

 searcher will find his lecture-room deserted — pupils 

 will naturally go to the equally good teacher who 

 gives more teaching for the same fee, or the same 

 teaching for a less fee. And no one can say that this 

 is not as it should be. The university pupil requires 

 a certain course of instruction, wdiich he ought to be 

 able to buy at the cheapest rate. It does not seem to 

 be doing justice to the pupil to compel him to form 

 one of a class consisting of some hundreds of hearers, 

 where he can obtain but little personal supervision or 

 attention from the teacher, whereas if he had the free 

 disposal of his fee, he might obtain six times the 

 amount of attention from another teacher. This 

 arrangement does not seem to be justifiable, even for 

 the purpose of providing the university professor with 

 an income and leisure to pursue scientific research. 

 The student's fee should pay for a given amount of 

 teaching at the market value, and he has just cause 

 of complaint if, by compulsory enactments, he is taxed 

 to provide the country with scientific investigation. 



Teaching must, in all fairness, ultimately be paid 

 for as teaching, and scientific research must be pro- 

 vided for, out of other funds than those extracted from 



