11 BIOLOGY AND THE STATE 117 



occupations of making and distributing knowledge. 

 In any case it cannot be considered that the endow- 

 ment assigned to professorships in London is excessive 

 in amount, or such as to secure the whole time of a 

 professor, apart from his lectures, for original research. 



A considerable expenditure made by the Govern- 

 ment in direct aid of scientific research remains un- 

 noticed in the text. I allude to the expenses of the 

 Challenger Expedition, and the publication of the 

 results obtained from the study of the collections 

 brought home. This sum may be variously estimated, 

 according to the sale of the reports and the inclusion 

 or exclusion of certain official expenses, but in any 

 case it amounts to several thousand pounds. 



A very gratifying indication of the recognition on 

 the part of the Government of the propriety of sub- 

 sidising from the public funds scientic inquiries likely 

 to be of general public utility was seen in the granting 

 by Parliament in 1884-85, on the recommendation of 

 the Treasury, of a sum of £5000 and an annual sum 

 of £500 for five years towards the building and 

 maintenance of the Plymouth Laboratory of the 

 Marine Biological Association, of which some account 

 will be found in the appendix to article No. V. 



