166 PASTEUE AND HYDROPHOBIA III 



M. Pasteur's treatment, and has further enabled the 

 committee to make a donation of 30,000 francs to the 

 Pasteur Institute. 



With reference to the theory of preventive inocu- 

 lation for hydrophobia, it must be remembered that 

 the whole subject is one of the most recent develop- 

 ments of biological doctrine. The fact was long ago 

 established that inoculation of a disease may be suc- 

 cessfully practised for the purpose of producing a local 

 development of the disease, which acts so as to protect 

 the organism against a more general attack supervening 

 by the ordinary channels of infection. Such inoculation 

 was practised as a protection against small-pox before 

 the discovery of Jenner, and has also been used in 

 relation to some other infective diseases. It may be 

 spoken of as " Montaguism," in reference to Lady Mon- 

 tagu, who introduced the practice into this country. 

 The use of the disease in a modified form for the pur- 

 pose of inoculation (or of a distinct but allied disease 

 for this purpose) is w^hat is known as Jennerism, and 

 is seen in the use of the cow-pox as a protective against 

 small-pox. The further step of taking the infective 

 material, which is nothing more nor less than living 

 Bacteria, or microbes, of a special kind, and cultivating 

 it artificially in solutions with increased oxygenation 

 or temperature, or whatever it may be, so as to 

 diminish its poisonous quality, and then using this 

 cultivated material for preventive inoculation, is 

 Pasteurism. It has been most extensively applied in 

 the case of the sj)lenic fever, or anthrax, of cattle and 

 sheep, but also in many other diseases experimentally. 



