324 THE HLSTOEY AND SCOPE OF ZOOLOGY IX 



Between Linnseus and Cuvier there are no very 

 great names ; but under ttie stimulus given by the 

 admirable method and system of Linnaeus observation 

 and description of new forms from all parts of the 

 world, both recent and fossil, accumulated. We can 

 only cite the names of Charles Bonnet (1720-1793), 

 the entomologist, who described the reproduction of 

 Aphis; Banks and Solander, who accompanied Cap- 

 tain Cook on his first voyage (1768-1771); Thomas 

 Pennant (1726-1798), the describer of the English 

 fauna ; Peter Simon Pallas (1741-1811), who specially 

 extended the knowledge of the Linnsean Vermes, and 

 under the patronage of the empress Catherine explored 

 Eussia and Siberia; De Geer (1720-1778), the ento- 

 mologist ; Lyonnet (1707-1789), the author of the 

 monograph of the anatomy of the caterpillar of Cossus 

 ligniperdus; Cavolini (1756-1810), the Neapolitan 

 marine zoologist and forerunner of Delia Chiaje (fl. 

 1828) ; 0. F. Miiller (1730-1784), the describer of 

 freshwater Oligochceta ; Abraham Trembley (1700- 

 1784), the student of Hydra ; and Ledermuller (1719- 

 1769), the inventor of the term Infusoria. The effect 

 of the Linnsean system upon the general conceptions 

 of zoologists was no less marked than were its results 

 in the way of stimulating the accumulation of accu- 

 rately observed details. The notion of a scala naturw, 

 which had since the days of classical antiquity been a 

 part of the general philosophy of nature amongst those 

 who occupied themselves with such conceptions, now 

 took a more definite form in the minds of skilled 

 zoologists. The species of Linnaeus were supposed to 



