CH.xiii] IN THE COMPOSITAE 135 



genera giving 189/11 = 17-1; and the series is complete. An 

 interesting point is the large figure (40-5) for the basal sub-tribe 

 of the family, which is exceeded only in the Baccharidinae (85-3) 

 and the Hieraciinae (57-0), both with only three genera. 



Gnaphalieae (limited). The Plucheinae and Filagininae are 

 grouped as similar in age and in area, giving 203/27 == 7-5; the 

 Helichryseae is grouped with its derivatives Relhaniinae and 

 Angianthinae giving 548/50 = 10-9. The series for the tribe then 

 reads 21-4, 7-5, 10-9, 3-3. The larger figure for the Helichrysum 

 group may be explained as an effect of the diversified topography 

 in South Africa; the other figures are in series. 



Imdeae (limited). Two out of the four figures are in series, but 

 the numbers of genera are low in all cases. 



Ilelianiheae. The first three sub-tribes and those marked 6', 

 6", 6'" are again counted as two groups; and the series reads 

 thus: 9-1. 11-5, 7-4, 4-0, 7-0, 1-3. The exceptions are 11-5 for the 

 Galinsoginae Avith only seven genera and 7-0 for the Lagasceinae 

 with only one genus. 



Astereae. The series (12-4, lG-7, 10-9, 8-0, 85-3. 2-8) in this 

 tribe again shows the series following age as previously suggested, 

 with two exceptions. These are 85-3 for the Baccharidinae with 

 only three genera, and 12-4 for the Homochroininae as compared 

 with 16-7 for the Heterochrominae. The latter figures, when com- 

 pared with 5-4 and 6-0 for average generic area, are seen to 

 follow the sequence for area. 



Anthemideoe. In this tribe the figures are not in the proper 

 series. 



Cichoricae. The series in this case rims practically in the oppo- 

 site direction to the average generic area series, but the numbers 

 of genera are low in three of the four groups. These two excep- 

 tional tribes, it should be noted, show the proper sequence as 

 tribes, so that it would seem that, not only the admittedly arti- 

 ficial subdivision in both tribes (see below), but also the small 

 number of genera in most of the subordinate groups has an 

 effect on the corresi^ondence of the series in these cases. 



Mutisieae. Adopting the triphyletic origin of this tribe, which 

 is suggested above, we have three sets of figures Avhich corre- 

 spond to the three series for area and show the same sequence 

 li'ithin the sets. 



Cynarcae. Grouping 3' with 3" as being of the same age, we 

 get the series 40-2, 28-0, 11-4, which corresponds completel)^ 

 with the series for area. 



