160 ENDEMISM AND DISTRIBUTION: SPECIES [pt. ii 



No. 



Java, Sumatra, Singapore to Tenasserim 55 



Sumatra, Penang, Borneo, Celebes, Amboina, Papua ... 56 



Java, Borneo, Philippines ^ 



Java, Celebes, Timor 10"* 



Java, Celebes, Ternate 25 



.Java, Sumatra . . • 2,6,17,24,77,79,84,87,110,113,116 



Sumatra 4, 8, 14, 18, 57, 58, 73, 74, 75, 78, 82, 85, 86, 88, 90, 91, 114, 163-5 



Sumatra and Penang or Malacca 1,76 



Java 19,20,21,23,71,72,107,108,109,118 



.Java, Singapore, and Celebes, or Ternate ... 83, 106, 115 



Borneo 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 22. 64, 66-70, 80-1, 99-102, 112, 117, 160 



Celebes 15,25,65 



Moluccas, Ternate ^^l 



Ceram (Moluccas) l*^* 



Philippines 92,93,95,119,158,159 



China ^f 



New Guinea 89,97,98,10.3 



Carolines 



New Hebrides . 



96 

 125, 157 

 Fiii Islands . . 51-4, 59, 124, 128-9, 132-3, 139-40, 151-6, 161-2 



Samoas .... 127, 130-1, 134-5, 141, 149-50, 150, 166-7 



Societies, Low Archipelago . . . • - • • .13/ 



Societies 120-22, 126, 136, 138, 146-8 



Sandwich Islands 27-50,60-3,123,142-5 



The whole range of the genus is from Tenasserim to the Sandwich 

 Islands, yet no single species reaches half this distance. Most 

 have very small ranges, e.g. most of those upon Java or Sumatra, 

 which are usually confined to portions of these islands, but there 

 are a fair number, e.g. those in lines 3, 4, 5 and 6, which have 

 rather large, and two at the top Avith very large, ranges (cf. fig. 

 on p. 162, curve 1). 



One may even follow them into more minute detail, for ex- 

 ample, in the Pacific Archipelagoes. In the Sandwich Islands, 

 1 species occupies four islands, 2 occur on three, 2 on two, whilst 

 there are 24 on single islands, viz. 11 on Oahu, 4 each upon 

 Kauai and Maui, 3 upon :\Iolokai, and 2 upon Hawaii. The same 

 thing may be seen upon the Samoan and other islands; this 

 "hollow c\m'e" type of distribution is general, as we shall see 

 below (cf. fig. on p. 162, curve 6). 



One may follow this type of distribution into the small 

 varieties of Linnean species, to which specific rank is often given 

 by local botanists. For example, dipping into Linton's British 

 Hieracia, and taking the section Nigrescentia, one finds 4 species 

 occupying six to ten counties, and 9 in one to five, but no single 

 one covering all the range. These two cases, (1) that there is one 

 or a few widely ranging species with larger and larger numbers 



