INDEX 



257 



Increase of area occupied, 33 

 India, endemic genera of, 170; 



genera by sizes, 235 ; genera above 



average world size, 104 

 Infinitesimal variation, evolution by, 



2,207,211,213,214,222 

 Interaction of factors in dispersal, 1, 



2,5 

 Intermediates, between diagnostic 



characters usually impossible, 



209, 21 1 , 219 ; between genera and 



species, not found, 214, 226; in 



Acrotrema, 219 ; no need for them 



to die out, 218 

 Introduction of foreign species, 24; 



on continental areas, 25 

 Inuleae, 126, 134, 135; diphyletic 



origin, 126; limited, 126, 127, 136 

 Invasions, 20, 234; of New Zealand, 



76, 139 

 Ireland, flora of, 236 

 Irregular dispersal, 12-16 

 Islands and endemics, 148-50, 175- 



83; monotypes, 188-9 

 Isolation, 17, 148, 169, 170 

 Italy, flora of, 236 



Jamaica, age and area in, 64 

 Jordanian species, 215-21 

 Juan Fernandez, endemic genera of, 

 169-70, 244 



Kandy climate, 43 

 Kermadec Islands, 66-74, 230 

 KiUing out, 1, 157, 135, 142, 144 

 Krakatau, flora of, 15 



Lactoris, distribution of, 244 



Land connections, 21, 182, 245 



Landslips, 37, 48 



Large families and genera the suc- 

 cessful ones, 113 



Larger genera, 117, 185; on larger 

 areas, 178 



Largest families in the world, 21 



Light, effects of, 45 



Light seeds, 13 



Limit of distribution, 45 



Limiting factor in progress , 3 ,205 ,228 



Linnean species, and splitting, 98, 

 216, 218, 221 



Literature, 247 



Local adaptation, 54, 57, 58, 87, 148, 

 216, 231; species, 50, 151, 217 

 (and cf. Endemic) ; distribution, 3 

 4; faunas and hollow curve, 202 

 floras and hollow curve, 236 

 migration, 20, 32, 35 



Lofgren, A., 206 



Logarithmic curves, 241 



Lyell, Sir C, 3, 20, 219 



Madagascar, endemic genera of, 

 175, 178; sizes of endemic genera. 

 190 ^ 



Maldive Islands, flora of, 14 



Mammals, dispersal by, 19 



Man, action of, 52 



Mascarene Islands, endemic genera 

 of, 169, 170 



Matthew, J. R., 234 



Mechanical explanations necessary, 

 89, 183, 206, 232, 233 



Mechanisms for dispersal, 12; not 

 imperative, 34 



Menispermaceae, distribution of, 172 



Mesophytic plants, dispersal of, 49; 

 adaptation rare in, 210 



Mexico, endemics of, 150 



Meyrick, E., 200 



Microspecies, 98, 216 



Migration, 138 



Mogi flora (Japan), 145-6 



Moisture of air, distribution of, 43 



Monimiaceae, distribution of, 174 



Monocotyledons in islands off New 

 Zealand, 230 



Monotypic genera, 185; areas oc- 

 cupied by, 191; as relics, 186, 

 191-3; as special adaptations, 

 186, 191-2; descended from larger 

 genera, 240; explanations of, 192; 

 greatest proportion in largest 

 families, 192; increase south- 

 wards and outwards, 193 



Monsoons, 14, 41 



Moribund species. Cf. Relics, and 148 



Mountains, as agents facilitating 

 migration, 37; as barriers, 36, 40; 

 as last resorts, 58; and climate, 

 40-42; and endemics, 55, 92, 149; 

 endemics as reUcs, 92; endemic 

 genera of, 176 



Multiple origin, 11, 47, 105 



Mutation, 208, 211-21, 222 (de 

 Vries), 223; causes of, 213; large, 

 216; Lyell on, 219; parallel, 243; 

 several, not necessary for forma- 

 tion of species, 218; size of, 215; 

 small, 216; theory and age and 

 area, 222 

 Mutisieae, 126, 127, 131, 135 



Najas, distribution of, 159; fossil 

 record of, 143 



Natural selection, and explanations 

 based upon it, 10, 58, 61, 104, 148, 

 188, 198, 199, 204, 206, 208-14, 

 220, 229; a destructive and 

 negative agent, 220; governing 

 general outlook upon biological 

 problems, 228 



Nest making, 12, 13 



