INDEX 



259 



Small, J., 18, 119 



Societies, plant, 20, 27, 32, 50-2, 



229 

 Soil as barrier or assistance to 



spread, 38 

 South America, endemics of, 190; 

 monotypes and larger tfenera, 

 188-90 



Sparliiia, spread of, 26 



Specialisation of plants, 49 (twice), 

 50 



Species, best limited when of com- 

 plex floral structure, 217-8 ; causes 

 favouring or hindering dispersal, 

 32; commencing life, 36; diagnostic 

 characters usually indifferent, 

 224-6; dispersal, cf. Dispersal; 

 early gaining on late, 34; endem- 

 ism and distribution, 148; foreign, 

 introduction and spread, 24; 

 general permanence, 207; going 

 under, cf. Relics; least complex 

 that are most widely distributed, 

 218; local, 50, 216, and cf. En- 

 demics; occupying just those 

 places to which suited, 229, 230; 

 occupying overlapping areas, 57; 

 of large genera often resemble 

 varieties, 217; on smaller areas in 

 general younger, 206; per family 

 or genus in local floras, 237-8; 

 that vary most, 217. And cf. 

 Endemic species. Evolution, Local 

 adaptation. Relics, etc. 



Specific extermination, 135 



Splitting of Linnean species, 98 



Sports, 211 



Spread of introductions, 24; with 

 alteration of conditions, 25-6; 

 often rapid, 27 



Statistical treatment of geographical 

 distribution, 6. 246 



Stewart Island, 71, 72 



Strut lot es, succession of species, 143 



Struggle for existence, 50, 148, 206, 

 210, 213, 220-1, 238 



Successful and unsuccessful species, 

 55 



Succession, 20, 51, 138 



Survival of species, 142 



Swamping, 95, 18 



Systematist, the, 101, 105, 217 



Taal volcano, revegetation of, 16 

 Taylor, N., 64 



Temperature changes as barriers, 44 

 Tertiary flora, 2, 34, 49, 88, 137, 233 

 Theorv'of differentiation, 18, 103, 



105, 221, 228 n., 240 

 Thiselton Dyer, W. T., 49 



Thwaites, G. H. K., 151 



Time available for evolution and 



dispersal, 33, 145, 152, 212 

 Tithonia, dispersal of, 17, 26 

 Tree, ancestral, of genus or family, 



surviving, 20, 243 21, 24 

 Trees, of multiple origin, 47. And 



cf. Herbs 

 Trees, shrubs, and herbs, 46 

 Treub, M., 15 

 Tribulus alacranetisis, distribution 



of, 152, 212 

 Trimen, H., 54, 56 

 Tristichaceae, dispersal of, 92 

 Tritypes, 185 

 Tropical America, endemic genera of, 



190; Asia, endemic genera of, 190 

 Type of vegetation, as barrier, 50-1 



Unallied forms not comparable 



under age and area, 63, 85, 86 

 Useless characters, 209 



Variation a centrifugal force, 105; 

 variations, correlated, 208; most 

 common in genera simplest in 

 structure, in species of larger 

 genera, and in wide-ranging 

 species, 217 



Vegetation, of northern type in New 

 Zealand, 40; type of, 'as barrier, 

 50-1 



Vegetative reproduction, 16 



Verbal anodynes, 231, 244 



Vernonieae, 126, 127, 136 



Virgin soil, dispersal into, 12. 14, 15, 

 19-21 



Mtal factors in distribution, 2, 4 



Waialeale, climate, 43 



Water-plants, dispersal of, 49 



Went, F. A. F. C, 205 



West Australia, endemism in, 149, 

 169, 170 



Wicken Fen flora, 235 



Wides, 59; endemics descended 

 from, 61, 74, 167,221,239; first 

 to appear, 239; most widely dis- 

 tributed in a country, 60; of 

 wide dispersal, 84; oldest forms, 

 61,72, 239 



Widespread genera, 21 



Willow, pollard, flora, 12 



Wind, as barrier, etc., 45; dispersal 

 by, 13-17 



World, endemic genera of, 178 



Youth, greater distribution due to, 



89, 92 

 Yule, G. U., 241 



