MOLARS. 



PREMOLARS WOLF-TEETH. 



These teeth, which were first described by Daubenton, are. 

 not found in all horses. They occur much more frequently in' 

 the upper jaw than in the lower one, and are rarely found in 

 botli in the same animal. Girard says that they usually a])pear 

 about the tenth month, and drop out at the time of the eruption 

 of the permanent molars. The alveolae are usually directly in 

 front of those of the first molars. They are, however, frequently 

 a half-inch or more in front of the others, and often remain until/ 

 the animal has reached an advanced age. Their presence ren- 

 ders the dental formula slightly variable (forty-four for the horse 

 and forty for the mare). The wolf-teeth are elongated and 

 slightly curved on their long axis ; they resemble a good deal 

 tlie incisive teeth of the carnivora, from which, perha])s, comes 

 their common name. Their roots are unicuspid. Girard de- 

 scribes supplementary post-molars, which, however, are not 

 recorded by other authors, and were probably anomalous teeth. 



MOLARS. 



The molars fill in the sides of the dental arcli ; like the 

 incisors, they appear in two groups, — the temporary and per- 

 manent teeth. 



MOLARS OF FIRST DENTITION. 



The deciduoits^ temporary^ mll]i\ or molars of first dentition^ 

 are twelve in number, — six in each jaw, three on each side. 

 By some ciu-ious error, the father of veterinary anatomy. Carlo 

 E-uini, 1598, and his immediate followers, considered that there 

 were but eight temporary molars. 



These teeth are strong, short, and have the general form 

 of quadrangular prisms, except the first in each row, which is 

 triangular. 



The anterior and posterior faces are smooth ; in the upper 

 jaw the first tooth has three longitudinal canals on its external 



"^ (33) 



