40 CONKEY'S STOCK BOOK 



300 Ibs. Ajax Flakes, 300 Ibs. corn and cob meal. For roughage, 30 

 Ibs. silage, 5 to 8 Ibs. clover hay, shredded corn stover as wanted. 



300 Ibs. barley (or corn-chop), 200 Ibs. bran, 200 Ibs. oats, 100 Ibs. oil 

 meal. For roughage, 10 to 15 Ibs. clover and timothy hay mixed, corn stalks 

 and nubbins as wanted. 



300 Ibs. corn and cob meal, 100 Ibs. soybean meal. For roughage, 40 

 Ibs. turnip, 8 to 10 Ibs. millet hay, corn fodder to pick over. 



PACIFIC COAST 



600 Ibs. barley, 200 Ibs. bran (feed this 1 Ib. to each 2^ Ibs. milk 

 yield). For roughage, 10 to 15 Ibs. clover hay. 



400 Ibs. barley, 400 Ibs. bran. For roughage, hay, carrots, and pasture 

 through season, amount not known. 



300 Ibs. barley, 300 Ibs. shorts, 100 Ibs. oil meal. For roughage, all the 

 alfalfa wanted. 



300 Ibs. ground barley, 300 Ibs. alfalfa meal with 25 Ibs. roots and 

 cale, 10 Ibs. mixed hay (clover, timothy, velvet grass). 



2. Feeding Beef Cattle 



THE BEEF PROBLEM In feeding beef cattle we have a different prob- 

 lem. Instead of milk, we want beef, liberal in 



quantity, and with fat distributed between muscles and fibre rather than 

 in loose "rough tallow," as it is called by the butcher. 



Beef cannot reach top prices for meat that is tender, juicy and tooth- 

 some unless it has this plentiful "marbling" or intermingling of fat with 

 fibre, the distinguishing mark of good beef type. 



Part of the beef problem is to get development where we want it, and 

 not where we don't, a liberal laying on of expensive future "cuts," but 

 less cheap neck and wasteful leg bone. Experiments have been variously 

 made, with corn, wheat, oats and cottonseed meal, linseed oil meal, dis- 

 tillers' grains, sugarbeet pulp, dry roughage, such as corn stover and 

 clover, timothy hay, alfalfa, silage, and roots such as cassava, sweet 

 potatoes, etc. 



But the most significant, perhaps in one sense the most expert, tests 

 in feeding beef cattle were conducted in Great Britain, and reported by 

 Ingle (1909), covering a period of over seventy years. Of the 200 odd 

 cases reported we select a few specimens from those given by Prof. Henry. 

 Rich nitrogenous concentrates were commonly used, such as linseed meal,, 

 cotton meal, brewers' grains, etc., but a comparatively small quantity, usu- 

 ally about 6 or 7 Ibs. was fed. Roots were heavily used as is the English 

 and European custom, which recognizes them as watered concentrates.. 

 A good big portion of straw and hay, this latter cut and mixed with cut 

 roots and meal, was fed daily, along with a small quantity of cornmeal or 

 barley. In America we find root feeding expensive; but it is a fair question 

 today, can we not, as Prof. Henry suggests, get equal results with smaller 

 allowance of corn and more liberal use of clover and alfalfa hay, and succu- 

 lent corn silage? 



These reports are averaged from tests of from 3 to 10 head of cattle in. 

 each case. It is probable, as Prof. Henry points out, that the cattle are 

 usually in good flesh when the British feeder begins, being mature bullocks,, 



2 to 5-year-olds. The feeding period is comparatively short, ranging from 



3 to 4 months. The average total gain, and the average daily gain, for each 

 group fed, is given, but not the weights at beginning and end of the period,, 

 simply the average. Thus: 



