are given dry, warm quarters and provided with plenty of food, properly 

 proportioned. Moulting fowls should have all the animal- food that they 

 will eat. CONKEY'S POULTRY TONIC in the mash will be found of 

 great value as a preventive. 



PNEUMONIA 



This may result from Congestion of the Lungs and should be 

 treated in the same manner. 



GAPES 



Perhaps no subject among the diseases of poultry has excited more 

 interest or caused more argument than Gapes. It is one of the most common 



diseases, though it has baffled the best 

 treatment for years. This was be- 

 cause the ailment was not thoroughly 

 understood and, again, because the 

 trouble was in the windpipe a dif- 

 ficult place to reach with ordinary 

 remedies. It was not until very lately 

 that an effective remedy was found. 



CAUSE The Gape Worm (Syn- 

 gamus Trachealis) a parasite affect- 

 ing poultry, usually confines itself to 

 young chicks. The chick acquires 

 the gape worm either through in- 

 fected drinking water, or from eat- 

 ing angle worms, or from picking 

 gape worms from the ground, etc., 

 Illustration No. 22. where other chicks have coughed 



Chicken with Gapes. them up. Gape worms are, originally, 



a parsite of the common earth worm and these earth worms, in an affected 

 area, carry the embryos in their bodies. The best way is for the poultryman 

 to keep all little chicks off such "gapy ground." 



During the time that the gape worms are drawing 

 their sustenance from the chick,' the chick itself is los- 

 ing its vitality and strength, just at the time when this is 

 most needed to produce a strong, healthy fowl. If the gape 

 worms gather to any great extent in the windpipe as they 

 mature, the windpipe becomes filled with their bodies and 

 the chick chokes to death. Of course, many chicks have 

 the Gapes and do not die, but this is probably due more 

 to the lack of number of worms than to anything else. 

 Gape Worms do not multiply in the windpipe as the eggs, 

 or embryos, go to the ground before hatching, and it is 

 only the acquired worms that bother the chicks. 



SYMPTOMS This disease first shows as a slight 

 cough ; then, as the irritation becomes more acute, and the 

 worms grow larger, it causes the gaping which gives the 

 disease its name. This is usually accompanied by more or 

 less sneezing, difficulty in swallowing, breathing, etc. In- 

 asmuch as the symptoms of this disease are very much 

 like those of Bronchitis and Pneumonia, you should be 

 Trachea showing absolutely certain of the presence of Gapes before start- 

 Gape Worm, 



38 



Illustration 

 No. 23. 



