Contents 



Page 



Foreword, by Harvey K. Nelson vii 



Introduction, by Lynn A. Greenwalt ix 



Marine Environment of Birds 1 



Long-term Climatic and Oceanographic Cycles Regulating Seabird 



Distributions and Numbers, by M. T. Myres 3 



Sea Ice as a Factor in Seabird Distribution and Ecology in the Beaufort, 



Chukchi, and Bering Seas, by George J. Divoky 9 



Status of Marine Bird Populations 19 



Distribution and Status of Marine Birds Breeding Along the Coasts of 



the Chukchi and Bering Seas, by James C. Bartonek and Spencer G. Sealy 21 



Breeding Distribution and Status of Marine Birds in the Aleutian Islands, 



Alaska, by Palmer C. Sekora, G. Vernon Byrd, and Daniel D. Gibson 33 



The Historical Status of Nesting Seabirds of the Northern and Western 



Gulf of Alaska, by LeRoy W. Sowl 47 



Status and Distribution of Breeding Seabirds of Southeastern Alaska, 



British Columbia, and Washington, by David A. Manuwal and 



R. Wayne Campbell 73 



The Biology and Ecology of Marine Birds in the North 93 



Trophic Relations of Seabirds in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean and Bering 



Sea, by David G. Ainley and Gerald A. Sanger 95 



Population Dynamics in Northern Marine Birds, by William H. Drury 123 



Time-energy Use and Life History Strategies of Northern Seabirds, 



by Erica H. Dunn 141 



Zoogeography and Taxonomic Relationships of Seabirds in 

 Northern North America, by M. D. F. Udvardy 167 



Conflicts Between the Conservation of Marine Birds and Uses of Other Resources 171 



Social and Economic Values of Marine Birds, by David R. Cline, 



Cynthia Wentworth, and Thomas W. Barry 173 



Resource Development Along Coasts and on the Ocean Floor: Potential 



Conflicts with Marine Bird Conservation, by Donald E. McKnight 



and C. Eugene Knoder 183 



Mortality to Marine Birds Through Commercial Fishing, by Warren B. King, 



R. G. B. Brown, and Gerald A. Sanger 195 



Interactions Among Marine Birds and Commercial Fish in the Eastern Bering 



Sea, by Richard R. Straty and Richard E. Haight 201 



Interrelations Between Seabirds and Introduced Animals, 



by Robert D. Jones, Jr., and G. Vernon Byrd 221 



Oil Vulnerability Index for Marine Oriented Birds, by James G. King 



and Gerald A. Sanger 227 



Programs and Authorities Related to Marine Bird Conservation 241 



Programs and Authorities Related to Marine Bird Conservation in 



Washington State, by Ralph W. Larson 243 



Programs and Authorities of the Province of British Columbia Related 



to Marine Bird Conservation, by W. T. Munro and R. Wayne Campbell 247 



Petroleum Industry's Role in Marine Bird Conservation, by Keith G. Hay 251 



