Geological Surveys [206 



new sort of Maps of Countrys, together with tables of sands 

 and clays,, such chiefly as are found in the north parts of Eng- 

 land, drawn up about ten years since, and delivered to the 

 Eoyal Society, March 12, 1683, by the Learned Martin Lister, 

 M. D." 3 The first attempt at a geological map was appar- 

 ently made by Christopher Packe in 1743 when he published 

 with an accompanying tract "A new philosophic chorographi- 

 cal Chart " of East Kent, England, covering an area of about 

 thirty- two square miles. The object of the map was chiefly 

 to delineate the topography and agricultural soils, while the 

 geological indications are confined to notices of the position 

 of sea beaches, gravel pits, chalk pits, etc. 



Much more complete maps of this character covering chiefly 

 northern France on which the mineral substances were 

 grouped in bands were communicated in connection with a 

 memoir by Guettard in 1746 to the Academy of Sciences of 

 Paris. 4 Following these came maps of the same character by 

 Fiichsel 5 in 1762, by Guettard and Lavoisier about 1770, 

 when twenty-nine uncolored geological sheets of the map of 

 France were issued; by Guettard and Monnet in 1780, when a 

 folio of thirty-two sheets accompanying a mineralogical de- 

 scription of France was published, and by Desmarest in 1771, 

 when an uncolored Geological Map of the Auvergne was 

 prepared. 6 



The first colored geological map is the work of Glaser, who 

 in 1775 depicted in colors a small district in Saxony about 

 twenty miles long by fifteen miles broad, three tints being 

 used : red for granite rocks with a blue dotted line to distin- 

 guish apparently one kind of crystalline rock from another, 

 yellow for sand, and gray for limestone. Factories, limekilns, 

 and coal, iron, copper, silver, and gold deposits were indicated 

 by signs. 



3 Phil. Trans., vol. xiv, p. 739. 



*Mem. Acad. Roy. Frcmce, vol. for 1746, pp. 343-392. 

 5 " Historia Terrae et Maris, etc." Acta Acad. elect. Moguntinae 

 1762, pp. 44-209. 

 6 Mem. Acad. Roy. France, vol. for 1771, pp. 705-775. 



