ON FORM IN TREE SCENERY. 477 



garden scenery it is scarcely less important than the form 

 or outline of the tree. Leaves are numerously divided by 

 botanists, but for our purpose the following divisions seem 

 to suffice: 



1. Needle-shaped Pine (fig. 10). 



2. Lanceolate Willow (fig. n). 



3. Round-leaved Lime (fig. 12). 



4. Cut-leaved Plane (fig. 13, p. 478). 



5. Compound Black Walnut (fig. 14, p. 478). 



Fig. 10. Fig. ii. Fig. 12. 



Here, as in the outline of the tree, the intermediate 

 forms are innumerable. In garden and shrubbery 

 planting a most complete effect may.be produced by an 

 arrangement founded on the forms of the leaves alone. 

 But so rich and various is the material at our command 

 here that it is by no means necessary to restrict ourselves 

 to this one feature, trees and shrubs often producing 

 beautiful summer flowers, coloured spring and autumn 

 leaves, or winter berries. 



With regard to the arrangement of trees and shrubs 

 according to their leaves, violent contrasts should, I think, 

 be avoided. I would not place a tree with needle-shaped 

 leaves in juxtaposition with one bearing large round or 

 heart-shaped leaves. For example, a Scotch Pine (needle- 

 shaped) and a Willow (lanceolate) in association, would 

 please me better than a Scotch Pine and a Lime (round- 



