74 XENOPHON ON HORSEMANSHIP. 



was by no means the only one in which 

 he took part. Surely these pursuits called 

 for horse-raising, horse-training, and horse- 

 riding; and that he became a master in each, 

 the treatise on Horsemanship is evidence 

 enough. 



This treatise is confined to the horse that 

 is to be ridden, not driven ; and the remarks 

 which follow will therefore be limited in the 

 same way. Riding, as a habit, seems to have 

 come into practice later than driving; at 

 least, this is true of the Greeks. A few 

 passages in Homer are often quoted to 

 show that even in the Heroic Age men 

 sometimes used horses for riding ; but this 

 interpretation of the passages is a mistake, 

 and the whole general tone of Epic poetry 

 proves that driving was the common prac- 

 ticed^ In battle, cavalry was utterly un- 

 known. The heroes fought in chariots, the 

 mass of the army on foot; and journeys, 

 even over mountainous country, were made 

 in chariots. 



But in the course of the following centuries 

 there came about a change. We cannot 

 trace its development ; but it is a fact that in 



