NOTES. 125 



to pant and require an additional quantity of air to 

 that which is ordinarily taken in by the nose, the 

 mouth comes to the aid of that channel and is 

 widely opened ; but the horse under the same 

 circumstances can only expand the margins of the 

 nostrils, for which action there is a very efficient 

 set of muscles, acting on the cartilaginous frame- 

 work which supports them and determines their 

 peculiar outline." 



12. (Page 17.) Small ears, set well apart so 

 as to leave a large poll, formed the type of 

 beauty which gave rise to the name Bucephalus 

 (l3ovK€cjia\o^, " bull-" or " ox-headed "). This was 

 applied to a valuable breed of Thessalian horses 

 (Aristophanes, Frag. 135) long before it was 

 given, in a shghtly modified form, to Bucephalas, 

 the famous charger of Alexander. Examples of 

 this type are the bronze head in the Uffizi and 

 the famous marble head by Phidias (see frontis- 

 piece and plate facing p. 8^). 



13. (Page 17.) The idea is that in well-built 

 horses, in good condition, the flesh rises on each 

 side of the spine so that the latter does not stick 

 up like a ridge but lies in a slight depression. 

 This quality was of course even more highly appre- 

 ciated before the days of saddles than it is now. 

 It is mentioned also by Vergil, Columella, Oppian, 

 and Apsyrtus. 



